Folk Image - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔• Nourishing &nuturing children, caring for older
adults
• trial & error practices
Religious image - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔• Caring for the sick, poor, orphans,
widows, elderly
• connected to Christianity
Early groups (religious image) - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔• deaconesses of eastern
Christian church
• order of the widows
• order of the virgins
• Benedictines
Crusades 1096-1291 (religious image) - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔• Created military
nursing orders
> knights Hospitallers of St John
> knights Templars
> knights of the Teutonic order
Servant image - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔• Post reformation (1517)
• Women as homemakers
• Hospital care was done by "uncommon women"
(prisoners, prostitutes, drunks)
Florence Nightingale & Sidney Herbert - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔• Hospital reform
• pastor fliedner institute —> trained nursing staff
,Crimean War (1854-1856) - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔• Florence was sent to provide
medical care to soldiers
> allowed for her to later establish hospitals sanitation systems for British military
> shift to a focus on cleanliness
St. Thomas hospital school of nursing - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔• Located in London
• revolutionized nursing education
• strong focus on learning throughout lifetime
Early nursing education in America - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔• new England female
medical college(1850)
• woman's Hospital of Philadelphia training school (1861)
Dr. Samuel D Gross (1805-1884) - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔• Head of committee that
aimed to standardize nursing training
• nursing training programs established in every hospital
• union between religious exercise & nursing would benefit the welfare of the sick
New England Hospital for women & children (1872) - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔First
formal 1 year nursing program
Melinda Ann Richards (1873) - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔First American trained nurse
Mary Eliza Mahoney (1879) - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔First woman of african origin to
be trained as a nurse
Characteristics of early nursing schools - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔• militaristic &
religious roots
> extreme disciplinary measures, long hours
• after 1900-1920, # of nursing schools increased & became more moderate
• American journal of nursing (1900)
, Military influence - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔• Red Cross: aid soldiers during battle
• army nurse corps (1901)
• navy nurse corps (1908)
• American Revolution: development of dispensaries —> provided vaccinations for
small pox (first sign of preventative medicine)
• Civil war: ambulances & triage
• WWII: increased status and authority to nursing, flight nursing, GI bill allowed
nurses to pursue B.S. and M.S.
• korean/vietnam war: MASH units
Medicine vs nursing - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔• Medicine: diagnosis & treatment of
disease
• nursing: care of the individual from a holistic perspective
Nursing (American Nurses Association) - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔The protection,
promotion, & optimization of health & abilities, prevention of illness & injury,
alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis & treatment of human response &
advocacy in the care of individuals families, communities, & populations
Nursing shortage - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔• Baby boomer era red to increased
elderly—> reduced staff
• institutions have not been able to increase nursing class size—> limited clinical
sites
• nurse retention (worker burn out)
Nursing nomenclatures/ classification systems - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔• efforts to
define a language for nursing to communicate information & guide data collection
• important as nursing moves into international framework
• quality improvement efforts
Nursing terminologies systems (1) - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔NANDA International Inc
• North American Diagnosis Association
• develop taxonomy
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