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Samenvatting - psychodiagnostiek bij volwassenen
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PSYCHODIAGNOSTIEK BIJ VOLWASSENENInhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1: psychodiagnostisch werken met het kop-model......................3
KOP- model: theoretisch concept.......................................................................3
behandeling in 5 stappen.................................................................................................................. 4
KOP model: klinische bruikbaarheid...................................................................4
KOP schema.....................................................................................................4
Hoofdstuk 2: stress gerelateerde stoornissen............................................6
Wat is stress....................................................................................................6
Bronnen van stress...........................................................................................6
Levensveranderingen........................................................................................................................ 6
Kleine irritaties.................................................................................................................................. 6
Chronische spanning......................................................................................................................... 7
Conflict.............................................................................................................................................. 7
(post-) traumatische (stress)............................................................................................................. 7
Effecten van stress...........................................................................................7
De lichamelijke respons op stress: gas.............................................................................................. 7
Stress en het brein............................................................................................................................ 8
Factoren die stress verlichten...........................................................................9
Coping............................................................................................................................................... 9
Verwachtingen over zelfredzaamheid................................................................................................ 9
Voorspelbaarheid............................................................................................................................... 9
psychologische Weerbaarheid......................................................................................................... 10
Optimisme....................................................................................................................................... 10
Sociale steun................................................................................................................................... 10
Sport en beweging........................................................................................................................... 10
Stress gerelateerde stoornissen......................................................................10
Aanpassingsstoornis........................................................................................................................ 10
Acute stressstoornis........................................................................................................................ 11
Post- traumatische stressstoornis.................................................................................................... 12
Hoofdstuk 3: stemmingsstoornissen........................................................14
Wat is een stemmingsstoornis.........................................................................14
Typen stemmingsstoornissen..........................................................................14
Depressieve stemmingsstoornissen.................................................................14
Depressieve stoornis....................................................................................................................... 14
Persisterende depressieve stoornis (Dysthymie).............................................................................16
Premenstruele stemmingsstoornis................................................................................................... 16
Bipolaire stemmingsstoornissen......................................................................17
Bipolaire stoornis 1 en 2.................................................................................................................. 17
Cyclothyme stoornis........................................................................................................................ 17
Hoofdstuk 4: angststoornissen................................................................18
Wat is angst...................................................................................................18
, Angststoornissen............................................................................................18
Paniekstoornissen............................................................................................................................ 19
Fobische stoornissen....................................................................................................................... 20
Gegeneraliseerde angststoornis...................................................................................................... 22
Hoofdstuk 5: obsessieve- compulsieve stoornissen...................................23
Obsessieve- compulsieve stoornis....................................................................23
diagnostiek...................................................................................................................................... 23
Differentiële diagnostiek.................................................................................................................. 24
Morfodysfore stoornis.....................................................................................24
Verzamelstoornis............................................................................................24
Trichotillomanie..............................................................................................25
excoriatiestoornis...........................................................................................25
Hoofdstuk 6: dissociatieve stoornissen en somatische symptoomstoornissen
............................................................................................................. 26
Dissociatieve stoornis.....................................................................................26
Dissociatieve identiteitsstoornis...................................................................................................... 26
Dissociatieve amnesie..................................................................................................................... 26
differentiële diagnostiek.................................................................................................................. 27
Somatisch- symptoomstoornis en verwante stoornissen....................................28
somatisch -symptoomstoornis......................................................................................................... 28
Ziekteangststoornis......................................................................................................................... 28
Conversiestoornis............................................................................................................................ 28
Nagebootste stoornis....................................................................................................................... 29
Hoofdstuk 7: middelengerelateerde en verslavingsstoornissen.................30
Inleiding.........................................................................................................30
Aan middelen en verslaving gerelateerde stoornissen.......................................30
Stoornis door een middel teweeggebracht......................................................................................30
Verslavingsstoornissen.................................................................................................................... 31
Gebruik en misbruik........................................................................................32
Verslavende middelen.....................................................................................33
Dempende middelen....................................................................................................................... 33
Stimulantia...................................................................................................................................... 35
Hallucinogene middelen.................................................................................................................. 36
Diagnostisch proces........................................................................................37
Vragenlijsten.................................................................................................................................... 37
Hoofdstuk 8: eetstoornissen....................................................................38
Diagnostisch proces en prevalentie..................................................................38
Psychodiagnostisch materiaal:......................................................................................................... 39
Prevalentie....................................................................................................................................... 39
Anorexia nervosa............................................................................................39
Boulimia nervosa............................................................................................40
Eetbuistoornissen...........................................................................................41
Factoren die bijdragen tot het ontstaan van voedings- en eetstoornissen..........41
Hoofdstuk 9: slaap- waakstoornissen.......................................................43
, Slaap- waakstoornissen...................................................................................43
Dysommnia’s..................................................................................................44
Insomnia.......................................................................................................................................... 44
Hypersomnilentiestoornis................................................................................................................ 44
Narcolepsie...................................................................................................................................... 44
Slaap gebonden ademhalingsstoornis = apneu...............................................................................45
Slaap- waakstoornis gebonden aan circadiaans ritme.....................................................................45
Parasomnia’s..................................................................................................45
Pavor nocturnus............................................................................................................................... 45
Slaapwandelen................................................................................................................................ 46
Remslaapgedragsstoornis................................................................................................................ 46
nachtmerriestoornis......................................................................................................................... 46
Hoodstuk 10: klachten en stoornissen met betrekking tot persoonlijkheid. 47
Persoonlijkheid...............................................................................................47
Persoonlijkheidsstoornis.................................................................................47
Classificatie of dimensionele benadering..........................................................48
Cluster A: ODD................................................................................................................................. 49
Cluster B: dramatic.......................................................................................................................... 50
Cluster C: vermijdende en angstige groep.......................................................................................53
prevalentie.....................................................................................................54
Dimensionale classificatie................................................................................55
Hoofdstuk 11: schizofrenie spectrumstoornissen......................................56
Wat is schizofrenie..........................................................................................56
Prevalentie....................................................................................................................................... 56
ontstaan.......................................................................................................................................... 57
Verloop............................................................................................................................................ 57
Denkstoornissen.............................................................................................58
inhoudelijke denkstoornis = wanen.................................................................................................58
Formele denkstoornis...................................................................................................................... 58
Aandachtsstoornissen...................................................................................................................... 58
Subtiele neurologische afwijkingen.................................................................................................. 59
Waarnemingsstoornissen................................................................................59
Emotionele stoornissen...................................................................................59
Motorische stoornissen...................................................................................59
Andere schizofreniespectrumstoornissen.........................................................60
Korte psychotische reactie............................................................................................................... 60
Schizofreniforme stoornis................................................................................................................ 60
Waanstoornis................................................................................................................................... 60
Schizoaffectieve stoornis................................................................................................................. 60
Hoofdstuk 12: pscyhodiagnostisch werken met het Kop model - deel 2......61
HOOFDSTUK 1: PSYCHODIAGNOSTISCH WERKEN MET HET KOP-MODEL
KOP- MODEL: THEORETISCH CONCEPT
K = klachten O = omstandigheden P = persoonlijke stijl
, Klachten/ symptomen Life (changing) events Persoonseigenschappen
Bijvoorbeeld: wanneer zijn de Bijvoorbeeld: een echtscheiding, Bijvoorbeeld: temperament,
woedebuien ontstaan een kind krijgen karakter, beeld dat je hebt van
jezelf, coping gedrag
Eenvoudig verklaringsmodel voor klachten:
- De klachten die jij hebt, ontstaan niet zomaar, ze zijn het product van bepaalde omstandigheden/ stressoren
in je leven en de manier waarop jij, met je eigen persoonlijke stijl, daarmee omgaat
o K: de klachten
o O: omstandigheden/ stressoren
o P: persoonlijke stijl
BEHANDELING IN 5 STAPPEN
1. KOP schema opmaken
o Ordenen van informatie in K – O – P
Wie komt met wat net nu naar hier
2. Samenhang zoeken tussen K, O en P: K = O x P
o Cliënt begrijpt wat er aan de hand is, waarom nu klachten en waarom blijven de klachten
Psych- educatie
o Handvaten voor behandeldoelen
3. Behandeldoelen formuleren
o Meer sporen aanpak (indicerende diagnostiek) doel op korte termijn
Ingrijpen op K- niveau: bewegen, slaaphygiëne, Yoga, Ademhalingsoefeningen
Verhogen welbevinden: versterken van positieve emoties en relaties
o Indien mogelijk: O wijzigen (steunbronnen zoeken, timemanagement)
Doel op lange termijn: werken aan de persoon (P)
4. Gedragsveranderingstechnieken uitvoeren
o Counselen
o Coachen
5. Terugvalpreventie
KOP MODEL: KLINISCHE BRUIKBAARHEID
= Behandelingsmodel voor kortdurende of laag intensieve behandeling
- Ontwikkeld vanuit eerstelijns psychologie
o Bij heel wat klachten voldoende maar soms ook niet indicatiestelling: is deze cliënt geschikt voor
kortdurende/ laag intensieve hulpverlening of doorverwijzing
- Type klacht of de ernst van de klacht van minder belang
o Wel de mate waarin de cliënt is staat is tot reflectie en/ of hij open staat voor reflectie
KOP SCHEMA
KOP- schema introduceren – aftoetsen – werkrelatie opbouwen
KOP Wat is bekend, relevant Welke info mis ik?
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