Verschil tussen terrorisme en georganiseerde misdaad:
Wat voor raakvlakken zijn er tussen georganiseerde misdaad en terrorisme?
-Criminelen worden terrorist
-Terroristen zijn klanten van criminele netwerken
-Terroristen leven van georganiseerde criminaliteit
-Vergelijkbare motivatie
Verschil tussen terrorisme en guerrilla:
Verschil tussen terrorisme en terreur:
Verschil tussen terrorisme en ‘hate crime’
, Kenmerken van terrorisme volgens Bruce Hoffman:
By distinguishing terrorists from other types of criminals and terrorism from other forms of crime, we
come to appreciate that terrorism is:
• ineluctably political in aims and motives
• violent – or, equally important, threatens violence
• designed to have far-reaching psychological repercussions beyond the immediate victim or target
• conducted by an organization with an identifiable chain of command or conspiratorial cell
structure (whose members wear no uniform or identifying insignia) and
• perpetrated by a subnational group or non-state entity.
De geschiedenis van het terrorisme:
4 golven van terrorisme volgens David Rapoport:
-Anarchisme (rond 1900)
-Antikolonialisme / nationale bevrijding (1920-1990)
-Communisme/ links-revolutionair (jaren ’60-’70)
-Islamitisch/ religieus (1980-nu)
-Rechts-extremisme: Dit zien wij niet als destabiliseren van de samenleving -> wel veranderen van
persoonlijke leefomgeving.
Anarchisme:
Doel: vernietiging van de staat
Strategie: propaganda van de daad (incl. regicide)
Groepen: Wil van het Volk, Socialistisch Revolutionaire Partij
Einde: invloed Russische Revolutie (1917)
Antikolonialisme:
Doel: bevrijding van onderdrukking door vreemde mogendheid
Strategie: uitputting en uitlokking
Groepen: IRA, ETA, FLN, EOKA, FLNC
Politieke vleugels: Sinn Fein (IRA) en Batasuna (ETA)
Communisme/ link:
Doel: klassenloze samenleving, omverwerping Amerikaans imperialisme
Strategie: propaganda van de daad
Groepen: RAF, Weather Underground, Brigate Rosse
Ontstaan: ‘spin-offs’ van protestbeweging jaren ‘60
Einde: te weinig steun onder de bevolking
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