Other
SEMMELWEIS ENTRANCE EXAM STUDY GUIDE
- Course
- Institution
SEMMELWEIS ENTRANCE EXAM STUDY GUIDE
[Show more]
Content preview
SEMMELWEIS ENTRANCE EXAM STUDY GUIDEElectron configuration for cations - Answers-Subtract 1 from exponent of highest n-value
orbital (ex. remove from 4s before 3d)
Ag+ = [Kr]5s^1 4d^9
Electron configuration for anions - Answers-Add 1 to closest orbital
Cl- = [Ne]3s^2 3p^6
Atomic orbitals - Answers-s, p, d, f
Primary vs secondary structures of proteins - Answers-Primary - AA chain (linked by
peptide bonds)
Secondary - stabilized by non-covalent bonds (alpha helices & beta sheets)
Most bonds in organic compounds are - Answers-covalent
Properties of water - Answers-1. polar
2. capable of adhesion and cohesion
3. high heat capacity (so it's hard to raise its temp)
4. great solvent
5. high heat of vaporization (allows humans to cool off via sweat)
6. water is less dense as a solid than a liquid
Intermolecular forces of water - Answers-hydrogen bonding
Solution components - Answers-1. solvent (product being dissolved)
2. solute (medium for dissolving solvent)
Molarity - Answers-the number of moles of solute per liter of solution
Solubility rules - Answers-SOLUBLE
1. alkali metals (group 1) & NH4+ cations
2. NO3- or CH3COO- anions
3. Cl, Br, I (except when bonded to Ag+, Pb2+ or Hg2+)
4. sulfate ions (except when with Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Pb2+)
INSOLUBLE
1. Metal oxides (except CaO, SrO, BaO)
2. Hydroxides (except when with Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+)
3. Carbonates, phosphates, sulfides, and sulfites (unless bound to alkali metal or NH4+)
Solubility product - Answers-Ksp = [A]^a[B]^b
,**only products because we don't include solids in the equilibrium expression
for NaCl
- Ksp = x^2
for PbCl2
- Ksp = 4x^3
for Cr(OH)3
- Ksp = 27x^4
Large Ksp means - Answers-strong electrolyte (more soluble)
Strong acids - Answers-So I brought no clean clothes
1. H2SO4
2. HI
3. HBr
4. HNO3
5. HCl
6. HClO4
7. HClO3
Strong bases - Answers-1. NaOH
2. LiOH
3. KOH
4. CsOH
5. RbOH
6. Ba(OH)2
7. Ca(OH)2
8. Sr(OH)2
Bases can certainly look pleasing (K), really something strong (Na)
Le Chatlier's principle: pressure - Answers-pressure applied (or volume reduced) -->
equilibrium proceeds in direction with fewer moles
pressure removed (or volume increased) --> equilibrium proceeds in direction with more
moles
Le Chatlier's principle: temperature - Answers-increasing temperature
- toward products (if endothermic)
- toward reactants (if exothermic)
decreasing temperature
, - toward products (if exothermic)
- toward reactants (if endothermic)
Le Chatlier's principle: concentration - Answers-increase concentration of reactants
- reaction shifts toward products
decrease concentration of reactants
- reaction shifts toward reactants
**the goal is to restore equilibrium
pH definition - Answers-pH = -log([H+])
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation - Answers-pH = pKa + log [Conj. Base]/[Acid]
**used to estimate pH of solution in buffer region (in which species and its conjugate are
in approximately equal quantities)
Redox reactions - Answers-reduction - gain of electrons
oxidation - loss of electrons
Oxidizing vs reducing agents - Answers-oxidizing agents cause oxidation (they are
reduced)
reducing agents cause reduction (they are oxidized)
Voltaic cell - Answers-AKA galvanic cell
Spontaneous, supply energy
- reaction with higher E is reduced (cathode)
- ex. Zn and Cu connected by salt bridge
Electrons flow from anode --> cathode
Energy flows from cathode --> anode
Reduction potential - Answers-Cathode minus anode
For voltaic cells, the higher value is the cathode
**cathode is reduced, anode is oxidized
Effects of temperature, pressure and concentration on reduction potentials - Answers-
Increased concentration --> decreased Ecell
**temperature and pressure affect reduction potential
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller GEEKA. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
85169 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now