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Exam (elaborations)

NSG 533 Pulmonary Practice Exam Questions And 100% Correct Answers.

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  • NSG 533
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  • NSG 533

Blood Gas values - Answer pH: 7.35-7.45 PaO2: 80-100 PaCO2: 35-45 Ventilation - Answer The movement of air in and out of lungs - a function of tidal volume and respiratory rate. Analyze PaCO2. -Inversely related to PaCO2 -- if a person is breathing slowly and shallowly, PaCO2 will be hi...

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  • October 25, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NSG 533
  • NSG 533
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NSG 533 Pulmonary Practice Exam
Questions And 100% Correct Answers.
Blood Gas values - Answer pH: 7.35-7.45

PaO2: 80-100

PaCO2: 35-45



Ventilation - Answer The movement of air in and out of lungs - a function of tidal volume and
respiratory rate. Analyze PaCO2.

-Inversely related to PaCO2 -- if a person is breathing slowly and shallowly, PaCO2 will be high.



Oxygenation - Answer The process of delivering oxygen to the blood by diffusion from the alveoli
following inhalation into the lungs.



- Three measures to analyze: SaO2 (95-100%), PaO2 (80-100), and hemoglobin (~ 15)

PaO2 is oxygen available to tissues.



Work of breathing - Resistance - Answer How much pressure we need to generate to get the flow in.

- If we clear secretions, maybe don't need a ventilator.



Work of breathing - Compliance - Answer How much volume do we need to bring in to inflate the
alveoli.

-If we decrease fluid and fix pulmonary edema, maybe we don't need a ventilator.

-Compliance is the opposite of elasticity. A thick rubber band is very elastic but has low compliance
(requires more pressure to inflate).

-A skinny rubber band is not elastic but has high compliance (easy to inflate).



Low compliance - Answer Stiff lung (high elastic recoil): thick balloon, often seen in fibrosis.



High compliance - Answer Pliable lung (low elastic recoil): grocery bag, often seen in emphysema.

, A-a gradient - Answer Measures the difference between the oxygen concentration in the alveoli and
arterial system.

-Normal is 12-15

A=alveolar oxygen

a=arterial oxygen



Causes of hypoxemia - Answer Right-to-left shunt, hypoventilation, low inspired O2 tension, diffusion
defect, V/Q mismatch



Normal A-a O2 gradient - Answer *Low PIO2 (low inhaled O2 concentration)

-high elevation or house fires

-incidence where another gas takes over oxygen in air (MRI story)



*Alveolar hypoventilation

-Overdose



Increased A-a O2 gradient (wide) - Answer *V/Q mismatch

-in case of mucus plug

-Opposite end of shunt is dead space, where there's no blood flow to pulmonary capillary despite lots of
ventilation.



*Shunt (low ventilation to perfusion ratio; and extreme form of low V/Q mismatch)

-In cases of pneumonia, ARDs, pulmonary edema



* Diffusion defect (thickening of alveolar capillary membrane)

-In cases of fibrosis (thickening of alveolar/capillary liner from interstitial lung disease; diffusion of O2) or
increased distance between the walls (milder pulmonary edema, d/t fluid; diffusion of O2) -- measure
with DLCO.

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