Exam (elaborations)
Nursing 7450- Week 5 Pulmonary Function Questions With Complete Solutions
- Course
- Nur 7450
- Institution
- The Ohio State University
Nursing 7450- Week 5 Pulmonary Function Questions With Complete Solutions
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Nursing 7450- Week 5 Pulmonary Function Questions WithComplete Solutions
Characterize the causes, signs, and symptoms of pulmonary
edema. Correct Answer Excess water in the lung from
disturbances of capillary hydrostatic pressure, capillary oncotic
pressure, or capillary permeability (R)
- Causes: L sided heart dz, postobstructive pulmonary edema
(POPE), high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)
- Manifest: dyspnea, orthopnea, hypoxemia, inc. work of
breathing
Characterize the signs and symptoms of the following lung
conditions that are caused by pulmonary disease or injury:
aspiration, atelectasis, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, bronchiolitis
obliterans, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pleurisy,
hemothorax, empyema, lung abscess, fibrosis, chest wall
restriction, flail chest, toxic gas exposure, pneumoconiosis,
silicosis, and allergic alveolitis. Correct Answer Aspiration (R)
- passage of fluids/ solids in the lungs; often RLL
- S/S: asymptomatic, choking and cough, hypoxia/ hypercapnia,
often leads to pneumonia
Atelectasis (R)
- collapse of lung tissue caused by external compression (pleural
effusion), absorption/ reabsorption (gradual absorption of air
from obstructive alveoli), or surfactant (dec production)
- S/S: dyspnea, cough, fever, leukocytosis
Bronchiectasis (R)
,- Persistent abnormal dilation of the bronchi; usually secondary;
opposite of atelectasis
- S/S: chronic productive cough w/ common lower resp.
infections
Bronchiolitis (R)
- diffuse inflammation or small airways or bronchioles that leads
to hypoxemia
- S/S: rapid RR, use of accessory muscles, low fever, dry NPC,
hyper inflated chest
Bronchiolitis obliterans Organizing Pneumonia (BOOP)
- complication of bronchiolitis where alveoli and bronchioles
"plug" with connective tissue
Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (R)
- late stage fibrotic dz of airways that causes permanent scarring
of the lungs
- can occur with all kinds of bronchiolitis and is most commonly
from transplants
Pneumoconiosis (R)
- any change in the lung caused by the inhalation of inorganic
dust particles usually from the workplace (silica, asbestos, coal)
- S/S: cough, sputum, dyspnea, dec lung volumes, and
hypoxemia
Allergic alveolitis (R)
- extrinsic is hypersensitivity; repeated inhalation of organic
particles or fumes; acute, subacute, or chronic (can lead to
pulmonary fibrosis)
- S/S: acute= flu like; chronic= cough, fever, fatigue, wt loss
, Pulmonary Fibrosis (R)
- excessive fibrous tissue in the lung from reorganizing/
restructuring caused by post-pulmonary dz, autoimmune
disorders, toxic gas exposure
- S/S: ENT burning, coughing, chest tightness, dyspnea,
hypoxemia
Pneumothorax
Pleural effusion
Pleurisy
Hemothorax
Empyema
Lung ab
Compare and contrast an open (communicating), tension, and
spontaneous pneumothorax. Correct Answer Open
(communicating)
- air in pleural space equals atmospheric pressure
- air is drawn back into pleural space during inspiration
- air is forced out during expiration
Closed
- air pressure in pleural space less than atmospheric pressure
Tension
- air pressure in pleural space greater than atmospheric pressure
- rupture acts as a one way valve and permits air to enter on
inspiration, but cannot escape during expiration
- life threatening
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