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Mastering biology questions Questions and Answers 2024
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Mastering biology questions
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Mastering biology questionsWhich of the following traits do archaeans and bacteria share?
lack of a nuclear envelope and presence of plasma membrane
lack of a nuclear envelope
composition of the cell wall
presence of plasma membrane and composition of the cell wall
composition of the cell wall and lack of a nuclear envelope - answer lack of a nuclear
envelope and presence of plasma membrane
Which character separates bacteria from archaea?
Bacteria are unicellular.
Bacteria have circular chromosomes.
Bacteria do not have a nuclear envelope.
Bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell wall. - answerBacteria have peptidoglycan in
their cell wall.
(This is a key distinguishing feature between bacteria and archaea.)
What is the best evidence that all life evolved from prokaryotic rather than eukaryotic
ancestors?
Bacteria are unicellular.
The oldest fossil form of life known is prokaryotic.
Prokaryotes possess peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
Prokaryotes possess flagella. - answerThe oldest fossil form of life known is
prokaryotic.
(Prokaryotes appear 3.5 BYA whereas eukaryotes do not appear until 1.75 BYA.)
Which of the following describe all existing bacteria?
pathogenic, omnipresent, morphologically diverse
tiny, ubiquitous, metabolically diverse
small, harmful, fast-growing
extremophiles, tiny, abundant
morphologically diverse, metabolically diverse, extremophiles - answertiny, ubiquitous,
metabolically diverse
Which group was not described in Woese's tree of life analysis?
Archaea
Eukarya
Prokarya
, Bacteria - answerProkarya
Prokarya was not one of the groups described in Woese's tree of life analysis.
What characteristics were used to classify organisms before Woese's tree of life
analysis?
Differences in ribosomal RNA sequences
Number of cells in the organism
Composition of the cell wall
Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus - answerPresence of a membrane-bound
nucleus
Before the tree of life analysis, organisms were classified as prokaryotes if they lacked a
membrane-bound nucleus or eukaryotes if they possessed a membrane-bound nucleus.
True or false? Data showing that the Bacteria were the first lineage to diverge from the
common ancestor of all living organisms suggest that the Archaea and Eukarya are
more closely related to each other than they are to the Bacteria.
True
False - answerTrue
Which of the following statements about phylogenetic trees is true?
A paraphyletic group has not experienced lateral gene transfer.
A paraphyletic group consists of a common ancestor and some of its descendants.
A paraphyletic group consists of an ancestral population and all of its descendants.
A monophyletic group consists of a common ancestor and some of its descendants. -
answerA paraphyletic group consists of a common ancestor and some of its
descendants.
This statement is true; the common characteristics of a paraphyletic group may have
arisen from lateral gene transfer to some, but not all, lineages.
Which molecule did Carl Woese study to produce his tree of life?
DNA
Messenger RNA
Ribosome
Ribosomal RNA - answerRibosomal RNA
Ribosomal RNA was the molecule used to produce Woese's phylogeny because it
evolves slowly and is critical to the function of the ribosome, which serves the same
function in all three domains in the tree of life.
What is lateral gene transfer?
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