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Chem&219 Unit 4 Exam Questions with Correct Answers.
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Chem&219 Unit 4 ExamQuestions with Answers
Denning [Date] [Course title]
,What are the four halogen elements? - Correct Answers: F, Cl, Br, I
organohalide compounds - Correct Answers: Organic molecules containing halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, I)
Examples of how organohalide compounds are used by humans - Correct Answers: - have been found in
marine life (algae, mollusks, sponges, etc.), bc they metabolize the high concentrations of inorganic
chlorides and bromides that are found in the seas.
- Industrially, organohalides find uses as solvents, insecticides, herbicides, cleaning fluids, fire retardants,
and refrigerants, among others.
- In medicinal use, many organohalides are used as inhaled anesthetics and disinfectants.
- The compound known as Teflon is a polymer that finds many uses as a lubricant and in non-stick
applications such as cookware. Teflon is a polymer containing carbon-fluorine bonds instead of carbon-
hydrogen bonds, as are seen in a typical organic molecule.
What is the primary reason halogen-containing compounds are important in organic chemistry? -
Correct Answers: Their reactivity
They can be used as starting materials in the synthesis of larger and more complex organic molecules
because of the variety of reactions that can occur in an organohalide molecule.
What are two of the most important reaction types typical of organohalides? - Correct Answers:
Substitution reaction (nucleophilic substitution reaction)
Elimination reaction
Substitution reaction - Correct Answers: Replacing the halogen atom in a molecule with another atom or
functional group
Elimination reaction - Correct Answers: A reaction that removes the halogen and hydrogen atoms from
the original substrate molecule creating an unsaturated compound.
Alkyl halides - Correct Answers: Aliphatic hydrocarbons (alkenes, alkanes, alkynes) that possess one or
more halogen atom substituents.
, Since halogen atoms have the same bonding pattern as hydrogen atoms (forming one single covalent
bond), they often take the place of hydrogen atoms in organic molecules.
Aryl halides - Correct Answers: Aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene rings) with one or more halogen atoms
attached to the ring (a compound in which a halogen is bound to the carbon of a benzene ring)
Vinyl halides - Correct Answers: Halogen is bound to a carbon of a double bond.
Aromatic hydrocarbons - Correct Answers: Benzene rings
Aliphatic hydrocarbons - Correct Answers: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes
Nomenclature of halogen atoms - Correct Answers: The naming of alkyl and aryl halides follows the
IUPAC systematic methods for nomenclature. Halogen atoms are treated as substituents on the parent
chain of the molecule. The "-ine" suffix of the element name is removed and replaced with "-oro or -
omo" as a suffix, corresponding to the specific halogen. Thus, chorine become chloro-, fluorine becomes
fluoro-, bromine becomes bromo-, and iodine becomes iodo-. These substituent names are incorporated
alphabetically into the IUPAC name of the compound.
Ex: 1-bromo-1-chloro-3-iodocyclopentane
What is the additional method of classification for Alkyl halides? - Correct Answers: Alkyl halides are
characterized according to the degree of "steric bulk" or structural substitution surrounding any carbon
atom that bears a halogen.
- the alkyl halide is primary (1°) if only one carbon is directly attached to the carbon bearing the halogen.
- If there are two carbons directly attached to the carbon bearing the halogen, then the halide is
classified as secondary (2°)
- if three carbons are directly attached to the carbon bearing the halogen, the halide is tertiary (3°).
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