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NSB236 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED
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NSB236 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED...
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NSB236 EXAM QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS LATEST UPDATED
What is the biology of cancer? - ANSWER Defective cell proliferation
and defective cell differentiation.
What are the three stages of cancer development? - ANSWER Initiation,
promotion and progression.
What are the characteristics of benign neoplasms? - ANSWER Usually
encapsulated, normally differentiated, nil metastases, rare recurrence,
slight vascularity, and expansive growth.
What are the characteristics of malignant neoplasms? - ANSWER Rarely
encapsulated, poorly differentiated, capable of metastasis, possible
recurrence, moderate to marked vascularity, and infiltrative growth.
What is the aim of chemotherapy? - ANSWER To reduce or eliminate
malignant cells.
What is dysplasia? - ANSWER The presence of abnormal cells within a
tissue.
How is cancer growth staged? - ANSWER From stage 0 (cells are in
situ) to stage 4 (cells have metastasised).
What are the four stages of radiation therapy? - ANSWER Energy
beams absorb into tissue, ionisation occurs, leading to the breakdown of
cell DNA bonds.
What are the side effects of chemotherapy? - ANSWER Nausea and
vomiting, malnutrition, inflammation, diarrhoea/constipation and
toxicities.
, What is angiogenesis? - ANSWER The formation of new blood vessels.
What are the meninges? - ANSWER The three layers of membranes
that protect the brain and spinal cord.
What is anaplasia? - ANSWER The lack of cellular differentiation.
What is an oncogene? - ANSWER A mutated gene that has the potential
to cause cancer.
What is a vesicant? - ANSWER An agent that causes blistering.
What is nadir? - ANSWER The lowest possible blood cell count during
chemotherapy.
What is a neoplasm? - ANSWER A new and abnormal growth of tissue.
What is leucopenia? - ANSWER An abnormally low white blood cell
count.
What is thrombocytopenia? - ANSWER A low level of platelets in the
blood.
What is the normal range of leukocytes in the blood? - ANSWER 4,500-
11,000.
What is the normal range of thrombocytes in the blood? - ANSWER
150,000-450,000 per micro-litre.
What are the types of white blood cells? - ANSWER Neutrophils,
lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, and leukocytes.
What does ectomy refer to? - ANSWER Excision or removal of.
What does lysis refer to? - ANSWER Destruction of.
What does orrhaphy refer to? - ANSWER The repair or suture of.
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