Exam (elaborations)
IBHRE CEPS SVT AND VT TEST LATEST UPDATED
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IBHRE CEPS SVT AND VT TEST LATEST UPDATED...
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IBHRE CEPS SVT AND VT TEST LATESTUPDATED
Recurrent AF - ANSWER: 2+ occurrences of AF.
Paroxysmal AF - ANSWER self-terminating episodes of AF lasting fewer than
seven days.
Persistent AF - Answer Cardioversion is usually necessary for episodes of AF
that last more than 7 days.
Permanent AF - ANSWER If cardioversion fails or AF persists for more than a
year, any additional attempts to convert the rhythm are considered hopeless.
The irregular wavefront becomes fractionated as it divides into smaller,
independent daughter wavelets. - ANSWER Describe the multiple wavelet
theory of AF.
One dominant circuit collides with anatomical impediments and splits into
smaller wavelets. - ANSWER Describe the Mother Circuit Theory of AF
Multiple foci from pulmonary veins enter the LA rapidly, and some tissue fails
to conduct in a 1:1 fashion, resulting in AF. - ANSWER Describe the Focal
Driver Theory of AF.
AF- ANSWER Most frequent clinical arrhythmia.
1 out of 6: ANSWER How many strokes are caused by atrial fibrillation?
3-4 weeks - Answer AF lasting more than 48 hours should have ___ (time)
Warfarin before and after cardioversion.
2.5 - ANSWER Target INR after warfarin before cardioversion.
1.7 - Answer An INR lower than ___ increases the risk of stroke during
cardioversion.
, CHADS Score - ANSWER Measure used to assess stroke risk.
2 points for ANSWER How many points does a prior stroke add to the CHADS
score?
Age above 75 years, hypertension, diabetes, and CHF - ANSWER: Name four
one-point contributors to the CHADS score.
3 - ANSWER A CHAD Patients with a score of ___ or above should receive
Warfarin because they are at high risk of having a stroke.
To attain a resting heart rate of 60-80 BPM and an activity heart rate of 90-110
BPM, with an average of 100 BPM or fewer, beta blockers, amiodarone, AVN,
and PPM can be used (answer). What is rate control, and how is it
implemented?
The goal is to minimize symptoms, prevent stroke, and avoid tachycardia-
induced cardiomyopathy. This can be accomplished by converting to sinus
rhythm (electrical/chemical cardioversion) and maintaining it. - ANSWER
What is rhythm control, and how does it work?
ANSWER: Five half-lives How long should an antiarrhythmic medicine be
stopped before to ablation?
300-350 seconds, every 30 minutes: ANSWER Target ACT during AF ablation
and frequency checked.
The dosage of heparin for AF ablation is 100 units/kg.
ANSWER: Less than 200 seconds What ACT should be seen before the sheaths
are removed after an AF procedure?
ANSWER: 2-3 months. How long should Warfarin be continued after an AF
ablation?
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