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MED/SURG HESI PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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MED/SURG HESI PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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MED/SURG HESI PRACTICEQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The6nurse6is6planning6to6initiate6a6socialization6group6for6older6residents6of6a6long-
term6facility.6Which6information6would6be6most6useful6to6the6nurse6when6planning6activiti
es6for6the6group?
A.6The6length6of6time6each6group6member6has6resided6at6the6nursing6home.
B.6A6brief6description6of6each6resident's6family6life.
C.6The6age6of6each6group6member.
D.6The6usual6activity6patterns6of6each6member6of6the6group.6-6ans--✔✔D
An6older6person's6level6of6activity6is6a6determining6factor6in6adjustment6to6aging6as6descr
ibed6by6the6Activity6Theory6of6Aging.6The6most6useful6information6initially6would6be6an6as
sessment6of6each6individual's6adjustment6to6the6aging6process.
A6client6has6taken6steroids6for6126years6to6help6manage6chronic6obstructive6pulmonary6d
isease6(COPD).6When6making6a6home6visit,6which6nursing6assessment6is6of6greatest6im
portance6to6this6client?
A.6pulse6rate,6both6apically6and6radially.
B.6blood6pressure,6both6standing6and6sitting.
C.6temperature.
D.6skin6color6and6turgor.6-6ans--✔✔C
Long6term6use6of6steroids6by6COPD6clients6is6effective6in6suppressing6inflammation6in6th
eir6airways6making6it6easier6for6them6to6breath,6but6at6the6same6time6suppresses6the6im
mune6system,6placing6the6client6at6risk6for6infection,6so6it6is6very6important6to6obtain6the6c
lient's6temperature.
A6client6who6is6sexually6active6with6several6partners6requests6an6intrauterine6device6(IUD
)6as6a6contraceptive6method.6Which6information6should6the6nurse6provide?
A.6Using6an6IUD6offers6no6protection6against6sexually6transmitted6diseases6(STD),6which
6increase6the6risk6for6pelvic6inflammatory6disease6(PID).
B.6Getting6pregnant6while6using6an6IUD6is6common6and6is6not6the6best6contraceptive6cho
ice.
C.6Relying6on6an6IUD6may6be6a6safer6choice6for6monogamous6partners,6but6a6barrier6me
thod6provides6a6better6option6in6preventing6STD6transmission.
,D.6Selecting6a6contraceptive6device6should6consider6choosing6a6successful6method6use
d6in6the6past.6-6ans--✔✔A
The6use6of6an6intrauterine6device6(IUD)6provides6the6client6with6no6protection6from6sexua
lly6transmitted6diseases6(STD).
Which6symptoms6should6the6nurse6expect6a6client6to6exhibit6who6is6diagnosed6with6a6ph
eochromocytoma?
A.6Numbness,6tingling,6and6cramps6in6the6extremities.
B.6Headache,6diaphoresis,6and6palpitations.
C.6Cyanosis,6fever,6and6classic6signs6of6shock.
D.6Nausea,6vomiting,6and6muscular6weakness.6-6ans--✔✔B
Pheochromocytoma6is6a6catecholamine6secreting6non-
cancerous6tumor6of6the6adrenal6medulla,6and6a6headache,6profuse6sweating6and6palpitat
ions6is6the6typical6triad6of6symptoms6depending6upon6the6relative6proportions6of6epinephr
ine6and6norepinephrine6secretion.6Surgical6removal6of6the6tumor6is6the6only6treatment.
A6middle-
aged6male6client6with6diabetes6continues6to6eat6an6abundance6of6foods6that6are6high6in6s
ugar6and6fat.6According6to6the6Health6Belief6Model,6which6event6is6most6likely6to6increas
e6the6client's6willingness6to6become6compliant6with6the6prescribed6diet?
A.6He6visits6his6diabetic6brother6who6just6had6surgery6to6amputate6an6infected6foot.
B.6He6is6provided6with6the6most6current6information6about6the6dangers6of6untreated6diab
etes.
C.6He6comments6on6the6community6service6announcements6about6preventing6complicati
ons6associated6with6diabetes.
D.6His6wife6expresses6a6sincere6willingness6to6prepare6meals6that6are6within6his6prescrib
ed6diet.6-6ans--✔✔A
The6loss6of6a6limb6due6to6diabetes6by6a6family6member6should6be6the6strongest6event6or6
"cue6to6action"6and6is6most6likely6to6increase6the6client's6perceived6seriousness6of6the6di
sease.
When6preparing6a6client6who6has6had6a6total6laryngectomy6for6discharge,6which6instructi
on6is6most6important6for6the6nurse6to6include6in6the6discharge6teaching?
A.6Recommend6that6the6client6carry6suction6equipment6at6all6times.
B.6Instruct6the6client6to6have6writing6materials6with6him6at6all6times.
C.6Tell6the6client6to6carry6a6medic6alert6card6stating6that6he6is6a6total6neck6breather.
D.6Tell6the6client6not6to6travel6alone.6-6ans--✔✔C
It6is6imperative6that6total6neck6breathers6carry6a6medic6alert6notice6so,6that6if6they6have6a6
cardiac6arrest,6mouth-to-neck6breathing6can6be6done.
,During6an6interview6with6a6client6planning6elective6surgery,6the6client6asks6the6nurse,6"W
hat6is6the6advantage6of6having6a6preferred6provider6organization6insurance6plan?"6Which
6response6is6best6for6the6nurse6to6provide?
A.6Neither6plan6allows6selections6of6healthcare6providers6or6hospitals.
B.6There6are6fewer6healthcare6providers6to6choose6from6than6in6an6HMO6plan.
C.6An6individual6may6select6healthcare6providers6from6outside6of6the6PPO6network.
D.6An6individual6can6become6a6member6of6a6PPO6without6belonging6to6a6group.6-6ans--
✔✔C
The6financial6implication6of6selecting6a6provider6from6outside6of6the6network6is6the6featur
e6most6relevant6to6the6average6consumer.6The6nurse6must6have6knowledge6about6prefer
red6provider6organizations6(PPOs),6which6provides6the6option6for6the6consumer6to6select
6a6Healthcare6Provider6(HCP)6from6within6the6PPO6network6(in-
network)6at6a6reduced6cost6versus6a6higher6cost6for6selecting6an6out-of-network6HCP.
A6client6is6admitted6to6the6hospital6with6a6medical6diagnosis6of6pneumococcal6pneumoni
a.6The6nurse6knows6that6the6prognosis6for6gram-
negative6pneumonias6(such6as6E.6coli,6Klebsiella,6Pseudomonas,6and6Proteus)6is6very6p
oor.6Which6information6relates6most6directly6to6the6prognosis6for6gram-
negative6pneumonias?
A.6The6gram-
negative6infections6occur6in6the6lower6lobe6alveoli6which6are6more6sensitive6to6infection.
B.6Gram-negative6organisms6are6more6resistant6to6antibiotic6therapy.
C.6Usually6occur6in6healthy6young6adults6who6have6recently6been6debilitated6by6an6uppe
r6respiratory6infection.
D.6Gram-negative6pneumonias6usually6affect6infants6and6small6children.6-6ans--✔✔B
Gram-
negative6organisms6are6very6resistant6to6drug6therapy6which6makes6recovery6difficult.6An
tibiotic6resistance6has6become6a6world-
wide6concern6and6the6World6Health6Organization6is6keeping6a6very6close6surveillance6on
6these6occurrences.
The6nurse6is6planning6care6to6prevent6complications6for6a6client6with6multiple6myeloma.6
Which6intervention6is6most6important6for6the6nurse6to6include?
A.6Safety6precautions6during6activity.
B.6Assess6for6changes6in6size6of6lymph6nodes.
C.6Maintain6a6fluid6intake6of636to646L6per6day.
D.6Administer6narcotic6analgesic6around6the6clock.6-6ans--✔✔C
Multiple6myeloma6is6a6malignancy6of6plasma6cells6that6infiltrate6bone6causing6deminerali
zation6and6hypercalcemia,6so6maintaining6a6urinary6output6of61.56to626L6per6day6requires6
an6intake6of636to646L6to6promote6excretion6of6serum6calcium.
, A658-year-
old6client,6who6has6no6health6problems,6asks6the6nurse6about6the6Pneumovax6vaccine.6T
he6nurse's6response6to6the6client6should6be6based6on6which6information?
A.6The6vaccine6is6given6annually6before6the6flu6season6to6those6over6506years6of6age.
B.6The6immunization6is6administered6once6to6older6adults6or6persons6with6a6history6of6ch
ronic6illness.
C.6The6vaccine6is6for6all6ages6and6is6given6primarily6to6those6persons6traveling6overseas6
to6areas6of6infection.
D.6The6vaccine6will6prevent6the6occurrence6of6pneumococcal6pneumonia6for6up6to6five6y
ears.6-6ans--✔✔B
It6is6recommended6by6the6CDC6(Dec62016)6that6persons6over6656years6of6age6and6those
6with6a6history6of6chronic6illness6receive6the6vaccine6once6in6a6lifetime.
The6nurse6is6caring6for6a6client6who6has6been6diagnosed6with6primary6hyperaldosteronis
m.6Which6laboratory6test6result6should6the6nurse6expect6an6increase6in6the6serum6level?
A.6Sodium.
B.6Antidiuretic6hormone.
C.6Potassium.
D.6Glucose.6-6ans--✔✔A
Clients6with6primary6aldosteronism6exhibit6an6increase6in6serum6sodium6levels6(hypernat
remia)6and6have6profound6decline6in6the6serum6levels6of6potassium6(hypokalemia)--
hypertension6is6the6most6prominent6and6universal6sign.6Antidiuretic6hormone6is6decreas
ed6with6diabetes6insipidus.6Glucose6is6not6affected6by6primary6aldosteronism.
Which6information6about6mammograms6is6most6important6to6provide6a6post-
menopausal6female6client?
A.6Breast6self-examinations6are6not6needed6if6annual6mammograms6are6obtained.
B.6Radiation6exposure6is6minimized6by6shielding6the6abdomen6with6a6lead-lined6apron.
C.6Yearly6mammograms6should6be6done6regardless6of6previous6normal6x-rays.
D.6Women6at6high6risk6should6have6annual6routine6and6ultrasound6mammograms.6-
6ans--✔✔C
There6are6different6recommendations6from6different6agnecies.6For6a6client6with6no6risk6fa
ctors,6the6earliest6breast6screening6recommendation6is6a6yearly6mammogram6at6the6age6
406and6till6the6age6of654.6After6that6every6two6years.6The6American6College6of6OB/
GYN6still6recommend6starting6mammograms6starting6at6the6age6of6406and6yearly6screee
nings.6The6American6Cancer6Society6new6guidelines6recommend6starting6at6the6age6of64
56and6thereafter6till6the6age6of6546years6old,6then6every6two6years.6The6US6Preventive6S
ervices6Task6Force6Services6(USPSTS)6recommends6starting6at6the6age6of6506years6old6
and6screenings6every6two6years6thereafter.
A6client6receiving6cholestyramine6for6hyperlipidemia6should6be6evaluated6for6which6vitam
in6deficiency?
A.6K.
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