Class notes
Security Actors, Institutions and Constellations: notes lectures 2, 3, & 6
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Lecture notes of lectures 2, 3, and 6 for the course SAIC
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Lecture 1-
Lecture 2
Tasks/services of security actors
> maintain rules/order/control
> protect
> investigate (specific and general)
> provide advice
> deter/prevent
The different types of security actors (the institutions)
> by and above the government
- supranational security actors that provide security services
- networked type organisations and (parts of) intergovernmental organisations that provide
security services
- state actors that provide security services
> through the government
- for profit private security actors offering services to the government
- private actors (for profit and non profit) forced by the government to provide security
> beyond the government
- for profit private security actors offering security services to other private actors
> below the government (civil slides
- civil society actors involvedn i the provision of security services in a voluntary way
- private citizens involved in the provision of security services in a voluntary way
Axes and ways to interaction
> constellations can be made around security issues (see 5p framework)
> axes: horizontal,v vertical, sectional, across the public/private debate
> interaction: none, hierarchical, competitive, networked
Lecture 3
Overall Accountability Framework
> Accountability as being accountable (virtuous behaviour)
- transparency
- participation
- evaluation
- complaint and response mechanism
> Accountability as being held to account: 5 questions
- Who is considered responsible
, - Who is responsible for oversight (perspective of the forum)
- what is the reason for the mechanism
- what criteria are being used by the oversight body
- how does it work
> Who is held accountable? (responsibility)
- an individual for its own actions (personal)
- an individual for the actions they are responsible for (management)
- an individual for all actions of the organisation (reflective)
- the organisation itself (collective)
> To whom is one held accountable (provision of oversight)
- Several frameworks
- Bovens (political, legal, administrative, professional, social
- Davis (Internal (self), governmental, civil and criminal court, media
> Why is one held accountable (reason)
- Bovens (vertical, horizontal, diagonal)
- Alternative (hierarchical, economical, networked/social)
> What account is being rendered (criteria)
- Lambda values
- Theta value
- Sigma values
> How is oversight provided
- varies greatly
- national and international differences
National level
> Recap on the criteria for accountability
- lambda values: adaptation and robustness
- theta values: fairness, justice
- sigma values: frugality /efficiency
> National setups
- internal oversight mechanisms
- external oversight by the different branches
- executive branch: specific and general
- judicial branch: often individual
- legislative branch: ombudsperson and investigative committees
> Provision of oversight
- complaint and response mechanism vs. inquisitorial approach
- constituent elements
- gather information
- assess the situation
- intervene
- Evaluation as a form of oversight: ex ante, ex nunc/monitoring, ex post
International level
> Recap on the criteria for accountability
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