Exam (elaborations)
CAM I Exam 2 - HEENT 2024/2025
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CAM I Exam 2 - HEENT 2024/2025 CAM I Exam 2 - HEENT 2024/2025 CAM I Exam 2 - HEENT 2024/2025
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CAM I Exam 2 - HEENTHypopyon - ANS inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber of the eye
Fluorescein Staining - ANS What would you use to check for eye abrasions, foreign bodies, keratitis,
ulcers, or pingueculas?
Tonometry - ANS Measures intraocular pressure using a calibrated instrument. Normal 10-21mmHg
Pseudomonas - ANS What pathogen has to be covered with contact lens wearers?
Hyphema - ANS Orbital trauma that tears the iris, blood collects in anterior chamber
Protection and rest; self resolves (if not extreme) - ANS Treatment for hyphema
Palpebral Conjunctiva - ANS membrane that lines underside of eyelids
Bulbar conjuctiva - ANS Membrane covering the sclera
Gonococcal/Chlamydial Conjunctivitis - ANS What type of conjunctivitis needs to be treated immediately
to prevent blindness? Vision emergency
Staph and Strep - ANS Most common cause of conjunctivitis
Fluoroquinolones; erythromycin - ANS Antibiotic selection for contact lens wearers with conjunctivitis?
Non-contact lens wearers?
,Adenovirus - ANS Common cause of viral conjunctivitis
10-14 days; 2-3 weeks - ANS How long does bacterial conjunctivitis last? Viral?
Allergic Conjuctivitis - ANS Type of conjunctivitis that will always present bilaterally
Foreign bodies (contacts) - ANS What causes giant papillary conjunctivitis?
Lens solution or eye drops - ANS Causes of toxic conjunctivitis
Pinguecula - ANS yellowish mass on the conjunctiva that may be related to exposure to ultraviolet light,
dry climates, and dust
Protective eyewear, eye drops, self resolving - ANS Treatment for pinguecula
Yellow vision, Blurry/dim, distorted images, central vision loss - ANS What are the expected vision
changes of cataracts?
>60 years old, Congenital rubella or CMV, trauma or secondary illness (smoking, DM) - ANS Causes of
cataracts
Pterygium - ANS thin tissue growing into the cornea from the conjunctiva, usually caused from sun
exposure, HPV, mutation
None until it affects vision (surgery) - ANS Treatment for pterygium
Keratitis - ANS inflammation of the cornea
,Viral - ANS Type of keratitis
Fungal - ANS Type of keratitis
Protozoan - ANS Type of keratitis
Bacterial - ANS Type of keratitis
Staph, Strep, Pseudo - ANS Common bacteria that causes keratitis
Cephalosporins - ANS Treatment for bacterial keratitis
HSV, HZV - ANS Common viral keratitis pathogens
Acyclovir 800mg 5 times a day for 7 days - ANS Treatment and dosage for HZV keratitis
7-10 days - ANS How long do corneal abrasion take to heal?
Remove foreign object; topical antibiotics to prevent infection; daily follow-up - ANS Treatment for
corneal abrasion
Corneal Ulcer - ANS a pitting of the cornea caused by an infection, injury, irritation
Target underlying cause - ANS Treatment for corneal ulcer
, Ulcer - ANS Characteristics: fluorescein stain +, opaque, uneven corneal contour, involves stroma
(Abrasion or ulcer)
Abrasion - ANS Characteristics: fluorescein stain +, transparent, unchanged corneal contour, epithelial
only (abrasion or ulcer)
Uveitis - ANS inflammation of the uvea (middle part of eye)
Spondylarthritis, sarcoidosis - ANS Systemic immune-mediated diseases that cause uveitis
Refer to opthalmology - ANS Treatment for uveitis
Blindness - ANS What uveitis lead to if left untreated?
Iritis - ANS Most common form of uveitis, pain and sensitivity to light
Scleritis - ANS Subclass of uveitis that is extremely painful with eye movement and at night. Emergency
and requires a referral
Dacryostenosis - ANS Obstruction of any part of the outflow lacrimal system (draining of tears) - aka
nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Self resolves or requires surgery - ANS Treatment for dacryostenosis
Dacryocystitis - ANS Erythema, swelling, warmth, tenderness around the eye, particularly around the
lacrimal sac, with purulent discharge from the eye
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