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NUR 631 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) MIDTERM | A+ RATED GUIDE | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (SOLVED)
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NUR 631 Midterm1. A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspendedCyto- plasm
Answer
cytoplasm
2. plasma membrane
Answer
A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells
3. Nucleus
Answer
A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
4. a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and
involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
Answer
cen- trioles
5. Ribosomes
Answer
site of protein synthesis
6. A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production,
processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.
Answer
endoplasmic reticulum
7. Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production-
Answer
mitochondria
,8. cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell
Answer
lysosomes
9. a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells,
A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell
Answer
golgi apparatus
10. decrease/schrinkage in cellular size for adaption
Answer
atrophy
11. increase in size of cells (organs) for adaption
Answer
hypertrophy
12. increase in number of cells for adapation
Answer
hyperplasia
13. reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another (epithelium changes in smokers)
Answer
metaplasia
14. abnormal changes in size, shape and organization of mature cells (can lead to cervical cancer)
Answer
dysplasia
15. increased copper accumulation in liver and NS (biliary defect); AUTOSO- MAL
RECESSIVE s/s
Answer
hepatitis, neuro/MS--tremors muscle incoord, behavioral change; Test
,Answer
copper, ceruloplasmin, genetic test, LFT, imaging.
Wilson's dis- ease
16. kayser-flescher rings in eyes
Answer
Wilson's disease
17. necrosis cardiac infarct (other tissues, not the brain); typically affects kidney. Denaturation
of proteins from gel to firm state
Answer
coagulative
18. necrosis of lipids and macrophages (develop granulomas) TB/histoplasmosis
combo of coagulative and liquefactive. cells disintegrate /denature but debris is walled off
(cheese like)
Answer
caseous
19. wet or dry necrosis that occurs from ischemia or bacteria; physical in- jury/trauma.
Answer
gangrene
20. necrosis in pancreas/breast tissue
Answer
fat
21. necrosis from bacterial infection/cerebral infarct; typically affect neurons/glia cells in
brain. Cells "digested" by their own hydrolases--tissue be- comes soft. walled off from healthy
tissues, forming cysts
Answer
, liquefactive
22. 3 million per cell, thyamine-adenine; cytosine-guanine
Answer
DNA
23. packages of DNA
Answer
chromosomes
24. small head with flat facial features, slanted eyes; single crease in palm, heart defects, ALL
dementia (25% 0ver 35); 1/800 babies 5K per year
Answer
Downs syndrome
25. Downs syndrome
Answer
Trisomy 21
26. XXY; males with extra X; both male/female sex characteristics; decreased testosterone--
less body and facial hair, gynecomastia (risk for breast CA), weak muscles/bones, shy, small
testes--infertile, impaired language develop- ment
Answer
Klinefelter syndrome
27. 45X, chromosomal disorder women only (missing an X) short, no/irreg. menstral, no
breast/wide nipples, low hairline, web necked; infants swollen hands/feet
Answer
Turner's syndrome
28. Type 1; IgE mediated, quick onset after exposure ALLERGIC
Answer
bee sting, latex, certain medications (e.g. PCN) hypersensitivity reaction
29. Type II Cytotoxic/antibody-mediated; CYTOTOXIC
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