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Notes for first half of semester of bio160

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  • October 26, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • Sara sanders
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[LECTURE STUDY GUIDE] Unit 3



Unit Objectives:
• Describe the structure and function of the cardiovascular system
• Describe the structure and function of the lymphatic system and immunity
• Describe the structure and function of the respiratory system

Relevant Topics in Textbook:
Chapter 12 Blood
Chapter 13 Cardiovascular System
Chapter 14 Lymphatic System and Immunity
Chapter 16 Respiratory System

Lecture Exam Review Questions: Lectures 15 ad 16

Blood Composition and Functions

1. Describe the major functions of blood.
Transportation, homeostasis, ph, ions and buffering, defenses, and body temperature




a. How does blood play a role in homeostasis?

• Can cause clotting when needed

2. List the 2 fractions of blood and the relative proportions of their components.


55 percent plasma 45 percent cells
Plasma- 92 percent water 7 percent proteins 1 percent other solutes
Cells- 99.9 Percent red blood cells .1 percent white blood cells



a. What is the function of albumin in the blood? Helps keep fluid from leaking



1

, [LECTURE STUDY GUIDE] Unit 3

b. Define blood hematocrit:
Volume of red blood cells
3. Where are new blood cells made?

• Bone marrow

a. What is the name of the stem cell that produces all blood cells?

• Hematopoietic stem cells

4. What is the function of erythrocytes (aka red blood cells)?

Transport oxygen

5. What is hemoglobin?

A protein that carries out oxygen from lungs and returns carbon dioxide
• How many oxygen molecules can each hemoglobin molecule bind?
Four

• Why is the shape of a red blood cell important?

So it can change shape to move through capillary tubes


6. What is the name of the process that produces new red blood cells?

• Erythropoiesis

a. What stimulates the production of new red blood cells?

• Low oxygen

b. What is the name of the hormone released by the kidneys that stimulates the production of
new red blood cells? Erythropoietin epo
c. What happens to a red blood cell when it has reached the end of its lifespan? (what
components can we reuse?)

• They are removed from the blood into the intestine then globin protein is reabsorbed



7. List some reasons why someone might develop anemia.
2

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