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NUR400 Nursing Research Exam Study Set
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NUR400 Nursing Research ExamStudy Set
Internal validity - Answer The confidence that an experimental treatment or condition
made a difference and that rival explanations were systematically ruled out through
study design and control.
External validity - Answer The ability to generalize the findings from a research study to
other populations, places, and situations.
Naturalistic observations - Answer Participants don't know they're being observed have
the highest external validity
Dependent variable - Answer The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the
research is interested.
Independent variable - Answer The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable
whose effect is being studied.
What are methods used to minimize threats to internal validity? - Answer
Measurement/observation
use of appropriate design
control of bias
statistical analysis
Maturation effect - Answer Changes occurring in subjects over time - can cause
problems in longitudinal studies
A threat to internal validity because the changes that occur in subjects do not happen as
a result of the intervention, but rather because time has passed
Hawthorne effect - Answer A change in a subject's behavior caused simply by the
awareness of being studied
Type I error - Answer Often called alpha (α) and referred to as the level of significance;
the researcher erroneously draws a conclusion that the intervention had an effect.
Type II error - Answer Often called beta (β) and related to the power of a statistical test;
the researcher erroneously draws a conclusion that the intervention had no effect.
Triangulation - Answer is the researcher's use of multiple sources to confirm a finding
A means of enhancing credibility by cross-checking information and conclusions, using
multiple data sources, using multiple research methods or researchers to study the
, phenomenon, or using multiple theories and perspectives to help interpret the data.
Member checking - Answer A method of ensuring validity by having participants review
and comment on the accuracy of transcripts, interpretations, or conclusions.
Validity - Answer The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure
Reliability - Answer
Three phases of research design - Answer
Cross sectional - Answer A study conducted by examining a single phenomenon across
multiple populations at a single point in time with no intent for follow-up in the design.
ex. What are the differences in job satisfaction among nurses at different stages of their
careers?
Attrition - Answer A threat to internal validity resulting from loss of subjects during a
study.
quasi-experimental design - Answer An experiment that does not require random
assignment to conditions.
What should the design of a research study outline? - Answer
Correlation research study? - Answer Used to analyze relationship between two or more
variables
What is correlation research used for? - Answer Examining relationships among
variables or focusing on the use of one variable to predict another
Prediction Study - Answer Research designed to search for variables measured at one
point that may forecast an outcome that is measured at a different point in time.
Bracketing - Answer A method of limiting the effects of researcher bias and setting them
aside by demonstrating awareness of potential suppositions of the researcher.
Descriptive research - Answer research methods that involve observing behavior to
describe that behavior objectively and systematically
ex. What percentage of school-age children are fully immunized in a school district?
Characteristics of descriptive research - Answer No manipulation of variables
Purpose statement and research question
How does descriptive research relate to nursing? - Answer Nurses document
health-related conditions or behaviors
Relational questions - Answer A study is designed to look at the relationship between
two or more variables
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