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Urine & Body Fluid Analysis Exam 1 Questions And Answers
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Urine & Body Fluid Analysis Exam 1 Questions And Answers What are the three major processes that lead to the formation of urine 1) Filtration 2) Reabsorption 3) Secretion Filtration Occurs in the glomerulus; renin-angiotensin-aldosterone feedback system Reabsorption Movement from filtrate to ...

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  • October 26, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Urine & Body Fluid Analysis Exam 1
Questions And Answers

What are the three major processes that lead to the formation of urine 1) Filtration


2) Reabsorption

3) Secretion




Filtration Occurs in the glomerulus; renin-angiotensin-aldosterone feedback system




Reabsorption Movement from filtrate to blood; filtered renal plasma is called

"ultrafiltrate"




Secretion Movement from blood to filtrate; removes unneeded foreign waste substances

not filtered by the glomerulus; mostly occurs in distal convoluted tubule




What is the functional unit of the kidney? nephron; about 1-1.5 million present in each

kidney




Function of the glomerulus Filtration of the blood/ filtration of water and dissolved

substances from the plasma

, Urine & Body Fluid Analysis Exam 1
Questions And Answers

Function of the tubules Reabsorption of substances: glucose, NaCl, amino acids,

potassium, water, calcium, urea




Function of the Loop of Henle Recovery of water and sodium chloride from the urine




Role of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) -secreted by pituitary gland


-regulates the reabsorption of water in the distal convoluted tubule & collected tubule




What is tubular secretion? Movement from blood to filtrate




Filtration: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone feedback system -Maintains blood pressure of

the arterioles at a relatively constant rate by regulation of the *dilation of the afferent arteriole*

and *constriction of the efferent arteriole*

-Enzyme *renin* is produced by the juxtaglomerular apparatus

-Renin is released in response to decreased blood volume or decreased blood pressure (decreased

sodium)

, Urine & Body Fluid Analysis Exam 1
Questions And Answers
What is the area of the nephron responsible for the secretion of renin? Juxtaglomerular

apparatus




Composition of glomerular ultrafiltrate Ultrafiltrate has no cells (RBCs/WBCs) and no

proteins. In comparison, plasma also does not have cells but DOES have proteins.




Renal threshold Maximum capacity of tubules to reabsorb




Glucose has a renal threshold of: 160-180 mg/dL




Active vs. passive reabsorption Active requires energy and passive does not require

energy




Reabsorption process Movement from filtrate to blood; epithelial cells lining the proximal

tubule provide a large surface area to help reabsorb >80% of the ultrafiltrate




Which substances are reabsorbed during the reabsorption process Glucose, NaCl, amino

acids, potassium, water, calcium, urea

, Urine & Body Fluid Analysis Exam 1
Questions And Answers

Role of the kidney in ion secretion and acid-base balance H+ ions secreted, ammonium

ions secreted, sodium ions reabsorbed, bicarbonate reabsorbed/secreted




What is the countercurrent multiplier mechanism Mechanism that expends energy to

create a concentration gradient which enables water reabsorption to produce concentrated urine




Explain ADH hormone -antidiuretic hormone


-secreted by pituitary gland

-regulates the reabsorption of water in the distal convoluted tubule & collecting tubule




Summarize the process of urine formation 1. Filtration from blood into nephron


2. Reabsorption from filtrate into blood

3. Tubular secretion from blood into filtrate

4. Reabsorption of water under effects of ADH




Reference range for daily average volume of urine for adults: 1200-1500 mL/day........ but

can range from 600-2000 mL/day

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