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Urinalysis and Body Fluids- Success Urinalysis and Body Fluids- Success Questions And Answers
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Urinalysis and Body Fluids- Success Questions And Answers The first-voided morning urine specimen is the most desirable for chemical and microscopic analysis because it is the most concentrated specimen of the day. Protein and nitrite testing is better performed on a concentrated specimen, a...

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  • October 26, 2024
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Urinalysis and Body Fluids- Success
Questions And Answers

The first-voided morning urine specimen is the most desirable for chemical and microscopic

analysis because it is the most concentrated specimen of the day. Protein and nitrite testing is

better performed on a concentrated specimen, as are the specific gravity determination and the

examination of urinary sediment. However, because of the lack of food and fluid intake during

the night, glucose metabolism may be better assessed on the basis of a postprandial specimen.




The physical characteristic of color is assessed when a routine urinalysis is performed. What

substance is normally found in urine that is principally responsible for its yellow coloration?

A. Bilirubin

B. Melanin

C. Carotene


D. Urochrome D. Urochrome




a yellow-brown pigment derived from urobilin, is principally responsible for the yellow

coloration of normal urine. Urochrome is excreted at a constant rate, showing no diurnal

variation. Therefore, the color of normal urine, which may range from straw to deep amber, is

dependent on the concentrating ability of the kidney and the volume of urine excreted.

, Urinalysis and Body Fluids- Success
Questions And Answers
In certain malignant disorders, what substance is found in the urine that turns the urine dark

brown or black on exposure of the urine to air?

A. Urobilinogen

B. Indican

C. Melanin


D. Porphyrin C. Melanin




In cases of metastatic melanoma, melanogen, which is a colorless precursor of melanin, is

excreted in the urine. If the urine is allowed to stand at room temperature for 24 hours, the

melanogen is oxidized to melanin, imparting a dark brown or black coloration to the specimen.

Qualitative screening tests for the detection of melanin in urine use ferric chloride or sodium

nitroprusside as the oxidation reagent systems.




What is the expected pH range of a freshly voided urine specimen?

A. 3.5-8.0

B. 3.5-9.0

C. 4.0-8.5


D. 4.5-8.0 D. 4.5-8.0

, Urinalysis and Body Fluids- Success
Questions And Answers
pH is a representative symbol for the hydrogen ion concentration. The kidney plays an important

role in the maintenance of the acidbase balance of body fluids by either excreting or retaining

hydrogen ions. A normally functioning kidney will excrete urine with a pH between 4.5 and 8.0,

depending on the overall acid-base needs of the body.




Urine specimens should be analyzed as soon as possible after collection. If urine specimens are

allowed to stand at room temperature for an excessive amount of time, the urine pH will become

alkaline

because of bacterial decomposition of:

A. Protein

B. Urea

C. Creatinine


D. Ketones B. Urea




At room temperature, the amount of bacteria present in a urine sample will increase. The bacteria

are capable of metabolizing the urinary urea to ammonia. The ammonia formed through this

process will cause an alkalinization of the urine.




Which term is defined as a urine volume in excess of 2000 mL excreted over a 24-hour period?

, Urinalysis and Body Fluids- Success
Questions And Answers
A. Anuria

B. Oliguria

C. Polyuria


D. Hypersthenuria C. Polyuria




On the average, a normal adult excretes 1200-1500 mL of urine daily. "Polyuria" is a term used

to describe the excretion of a urine volume in excess of 2000 mL/day. In oliguria, the daily urine

excretion is less than 500 mL, and in anuria the urine formation is completely suppressed.

Hypersthenuria refers to urines of any volume containing increased levels of dissolved solute.




The reagent test strips used for the detection of protein in urine are most reactive to

A. Albumin

B. Hemoglobin

C. Alpha-globulins


D. Beta-globulins A. Albumin




In healthy individuals the amount of protein excreted in the urine should not exceed 150 mg/24

hr. When protein is present in the urine, the colorimetric reagent test strips change color,

indicating a semi-quantification of the amount of protein present. Serum proteins are classified as

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