NR 507 Final Exam 2024 LATEST UPDATE
CORRECT 100%
Acute Renal Failure - ANSWER Sudden loss of kidney function caused by illness, injury, toxin that stresses
kidneys
Reversible
Determining prognosis of acute renal failure - ANSWER Kidney's response to diuretics with good output
Indicates kidneys are functioning well
Pre-renal failure - ANSWER Most common cause of acute renal failure
Damage occurs before the kidney due to reduced blood flow
Intrarenal failure - ANSWER Direct damage to kidney
Contrast dye from a procedure
Post renal failure - ANSWER Disease states downstream of the kidney
Most often occur due to urinary obstruction
Acute Pyelonephritis pathophysiology - ANSWER Bacterial colonization: E. Coli
Adherence and invasion
Inflammation and immune response: causes symptoms, fever, flank pain
Renal injury and complications: renal scarring, abscess, sepsis, renal failure
Acute Pyelonephritis assessment - ANSWER Clinical symptoms alone: similar to cystitis, sicker with pyelo
Symptoms: flank pain, abdominal tenderness, fever
Severe injection symptoms: high fever chills tachycardia
, Acute Pyelonephritis labs - ANSWER Urinalysis: positive urine culture with significant bacteriuria, pyuria,
WBC casts (not always present)
CBC: elevated WBC
Imaging: structural abnormalities, complications (abscess formation or obstruction)
Stage II CKD - ANSWER Kidney damage and mild decrease in GFR 60-88
Kidney function deterioration 60-70%
Stage III CKD - ANSWER Moderate decrease in GFR 30-59
Kidney function deterioration 70-77.5%
Stage IV CKD - ANSWER Severe decrease in GFR 15-29
Kidney function deterioration 77.5-85%
Progression to stage V is inevitable
Stage V CKD - ANSWER End stage kidney disease, dialysis or transplant
GFR <15, kidney function deterioration > 85%
Canidate for dialysis - ANSWER Symptoms, kidney function, overall health
Symptomatic uremia
Uncontrolled fluid overload and HTN
Hyperkalemia
Acid/base imbalance
Progressive loss of kidney function
GERD - ANSWER Chronic condition of abnormal reflux of stomach contents into esophagus
GERD pathophysiology - ANSWER LES dysfunction
Hiatal hernia
Esophageal motility disorders
CORRECT 100%
Acute Renal Failure - ANSWER Sudden loss of kidney function caused by illness, injury, toxin that stresses
kidneys
Reversible
Determining prognosis of acute renal failure - ANSWER Kidney's response to diuretics with good output
Indicates kidneys are functioning well
Pre-renal failure - ANSWER Most common cause of acute renal failure
Damage occurs before the kidney due to reduced blood flow
Intrarenal failure - ANSWER Direct damage to kidney
Contrast dye from a procedure
Post renal failure - ANSWER Disease states downstream of the kidney
Most often occur due to urinary obstruction
Acute Pyelonephritis pathophysiology - ANSWER Bacterial colonization: E. Coli
Adherence and invasion
Inflammation and immune response: causes symptoms, fever, flank pain
Renal injury and complications: renal scarring, abscess, sepsis, renal failure
Acute Pyelonephritis assessment - ANSWER Clinical symptoms alone: similar to cystitis, sicker with pyelo
Symptoms: flank pain, abdominal tenderness, fever
Severe injection symptoms: high fever chills tachycardia
, Acute Pyelonephritis labs - ANSWER Urinalysis: positive urine culture with significant bacteriuria, pyuria,
WBC casts (not always present)
CBC: elevated WBC
Imaging: structural abnormalities, complications (abscess formation or obstruction)
Stage II CKD - ANSWER Kidney damage and mild decrease in GFR 60-88
Kidney function deterioration 60-70%
Stage III CKD - ANSWER Moderate decrease in GFR 30-59
Kidney function deterioration 70-77.5%
Stage IV CKD - ANSWER Severe decrease in GFR 15-29
Kidney function deterioration 77.5-85%
Progression to stage V is inevitable
Stage V CKD - ANSWER End stage kidney disease, dialysis or transplant
GFR <15, kidney function deterioration > 85%
Canidate for dialysis - ANSWER Symptoms, kidney function, overall health
Symptomatic uremia
Uncontrolled fluid overload and HTN
Hyperkalemia
Acid/base imbalance
Progressive loss of kidney function
GERD - ANSWER Chronic condition of abnormal reflux of stomach contents into esophagus
GERD pathophysiology - ANSWER LES dysfunction
Hiatal hernia
Esophageal motility disorders
