Advanced Pathology NR 507- final exam CORRECT 100%
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Course
NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Institution
NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Angle of His - ANSWER Creates a flap valve effect to prevent reflux and makes gastro esophageal junction longer which increases the pressure
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) - ANSWER A digestive disease in which stomach acid or bile irritates the food pipe lining.
Obesity makes the angl...
Advanced Pathology NR 507- final exam
CORRECT 100%
Angle of His - ANSWER Creates a flap valve effect to prevent reflux and makes gastro esophageal junction
longer which increases the pressure
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) - ANSWER A digestive disease in which stomach acid or bile
irritates the food pipe lining.
Obesity makes the angle of His a widened angle which decreases the pressure at the gastro esophageal
junction
big fatty meals and carbonation stretches the stomach out which thins out the muscles around the
stomach which decreases the pressure on the flap valve
Hypotonic lower esophageal sphincter also allows reflux, as well as hiatal hernia, gastroparesis, and
obesity
heartburn and regurgitation are typical symptoms
chest pain, hoarseness, cough, asthma, and globus (lump in throat) are atypical for classic GERD
Associated symptoms are dyspepsia, epigastric pain, bloating, belching, and nausea
H.Pylori bacteria is associated with GERD
Barrett's esophagus - ANSWER caused by exposure to enzymes coming from the stomach - stomach acid
does not cause this - so can have non-acid reflux Barrett's esophagus
, diaphram - ANSWER a muscle that separates the chest from the abdominal cavity
also makes up the lower esophageal sphincter
The top 1/3 of the esophagus is ______________ muscle. - ANSWER skeletal muscle
the middle of the esophagus muscle is made up of...muscle - ANSWER skeletal and smooth muscle
the bottom 1/3 of the esophagus is made up of....muscle - ANSWER smooth muscle
simple obstruction of the GI tract - ANSWER result from the blockage of the intestine.
Causes of simple obstructions include adhesions, hernias, tumors, or even ingestion of inorganic objects
that become lodged within the intestine.
intussusception, or the telescoping of the intestinal wall onto itself, is more common in children less than
2 years of age,
surgical adhesions are more common in adults.
Ingestion of objects that result in simple obstructions are more common during the toddler years.
Functional obstructions occur because of a lack of gut motility, such as during a paralytic ileus
peptic ulcer disease - ANSWER ulcer formation in the GI tract that affects the lining of the stomach
(gastric ulcer) or duodenum (duodenal ulcer) or lower part of the esophagus (esophageal ulcer)
form due to gastric acid and pepsin and the breakdown of the stomach lining
Risk factors for developing PUD include:
, NSAID use.
Age greater than 65 years.
Genetic predisposition.
Alcohol ingestion.
the role of the stomach - ANSWER to liquify food by churning it and using enzymes and acid to assist in
the breakdown
pylorus - ANSWER a muscle like structure that squeezes food down into the duodenum
can become scarred and lead to obstruction with gastric ulcers
the mucosa layer of the stomach lining - ANSWER secrets mucosa rich in bicarbonate - it protects the
lining of the stomach from acid
has gastric pits that contain parietal cells, chief cells, and G-cells
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