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HUBS 191 Progress Test II Revision Exam Questions And All Correct Answers.
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Nervous system cells - Answer neurons and glia Neuron input zone - Answer dendrites and cell body Neuron summation zone - Answer axon hillock Neuron conduction zone - Answer axon Neuron output zone - Answer axon terminals Axon hillock - Answer decides whether to pas...

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  • October 26, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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HUBS 191 Progress Test II Revision
Exam Questions And All Correct
Answers.
Nervous system cells - Answer neurons and glia



Neuron input zone - Answer dendrites and cell body



Neuron summation zone - Answer axon hillock



Neuron conduction zone - Answer axon



Neuron output zone - Answer axon terminals



Axon hillock - Answer decides whether to pass on information



Tract - Answer axon bundles in CNS



Grey matter - Answer cell bodies in CNS



White matter - Answer myelinated axons in CNS; commissural, projection, and association tracts



Ganglion - Answer groups of cell bodies in PNS



Nerve - Answer axon bundles in PNS



Multipolar - Answer many processes extend from the cell body; all are dendrites except for a single
axon

,Bipolar - Answer 2 processes from cell body (1 axon, 1 dendrite)



Unipolar neuron - Answer 1 axon with dendrites, cell body, 1 axon with terminal



Anaxonic - Answer no axon, all processes look alike



CNS glia - Answer astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes



Astrocyte - Answer CNS glia; nutrient supply to neurons, transmit info, ensheath blood capillaries



Microglia - Answer CNS glia; immune cell, eat microorganisms/debris



Ependymal cells - Answer CNS glia; line fluid-filled spaces of brain/spine; cilia circulate CSF



Oligodendrocytes - Answer CNS glia; support nerve fibres, ensheath nerves with myelin



PNS glia - Answer Schwann cells; ensheath with myelin



Myelin sheath - Answer increases conduction velocity



Nodes of Ranvier - Answer gaps in the myelin sheath to increase transmission



Somatic efferent pathway - Answer 2 neurons: upper motor neuron from brain to spinal cord, lower
motor neuron from spinal cord to effector muscle; NT = ACh



Autonomic efferent pathway - Answer 3 neurons: 1st neuron entirely in CNS; 2nd neuron from CNS to
PNS, myelinated, preganglionic (NT = ACh); 3rd neuron entirely in PNS, unmyelinated, postganglionic (NT
= ACh or NE)

, Autonomic efferent effectors - Answer smooth and cardiac muscles, glands, adipose tissue



Sympathetic nervous system - Answer fight or flight, short 2nd neuron and long 3rd neuron, NT = NE



Parasympathetic nervous system - Answer rest and digest, long 2nd neuron and short 3rd neuron, NT =
ACh



Sympathetic chain ganglia - Answer - 21-23 pairs

- vertebral column

- close to CNS

- short

- preganglionic (neuron #2) axons synapses with postganglionic (neuron #3)

-during stress: ACh stimulates post-gang fibre to release NA/NE



Parasympathetic chain ganglia - Answer - close to effector

- long



Resting membrane potential - Answer -70mV inside, high K+ inside, high Na+ outside



Action Potential overview - Answer -Graded potential opens Na+ channels

-Depolarisation

-Na+ channels inactivate while K+ channels activate

-K+ channels inactivate

-Repolarisation

-Absolute refractory period

-Relative refractory period -40mV



Propagation with unmyelinated axons - Answer segmented depolarisation and repolarisation

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