Exam (elaborations)

HUBS192 Progress Test 2 Questions And 100% Accurate Answers.

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Course
HUBS 191

Institution
HUBS 191

Respiratory system definition - Answer A system of connected organs that work together to conduct clean moist air in order to transfer oxygen from the atmosphere to the blood and transfer carbon dioxide from the blood to the atmosphere. Roles of the respiratory system - Answer - Provide ai...

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respiratory system

Institution HUBS 191
Course HUBS 191

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HUBS192 Progress Test 2 Questions
And 100% Accurate Answers.
Respiratory system definition - Answer A system of connected organs that work together to conduct
clean moist air in order to transfer oxygen from the atmosphere to the blood and transfer carbon dioxide
from the blood to the atmosphere.

Roles of the respiratory system - Answer - Provide air for gas exchange

- Surface area for gas exchange

- Get the air to the gas exchange surface

- Produce sounds and olfaction

Two main regions of the respiratory system - Answer Conducting region (Nasal cavity ---> Bronchioles)

Respiratory region (Sites of gas exchange i.e. alveoli)

Three sub parts of the pharynx - Answer Nasopharynx

Oropharynx

Laryngopharynx

Functions of the upper respiratory tract - Answer Conducting passage

Prepares air for respiratory membrane gas exchange by making it WARM, CLEAN, AND MOIST

What are the functions of parasinuses - Answer Resonating chambers for speech

What is respiratory epithelium called - Answer Pseudostratified, ciliated, columnar epithelium with
goblet cells

,Epithelium types for air only passages, air and food passages and gas exchange sites - Answer Air only =
Respiratory epithelium

Air and food = Stratified squamous

Gas exchange = Thin squamous

What does epithelium sit on? - Answer A layer on connective tissue called lamina propria that holds it
in place - HAS A PLEXUS OF THIN WALLED VEINS

What is the role of the epiglottis? - Answer To prevent food from entering the trachea

Relationship between mucous and cilia in the URT - Answer Lots of mucous = less cilia

Goblet cells produce mucous that traps material, and the ciliated cells then have patterned movement to
turn the current of the mucous towards the pharynx. The mucous can then be swallowed and digested
by stomach acid.

What effect does smoking have on the URT? - Answer Paralyses cilia ---> Increased particles --->
Increased mucous ---> Accumulated cough

Features of the nose - Answer Vestibule = Lined with skin that has sebaceous and sweat glands and hair
follicles ---> PROTECTION

Vibrissae = Hairs that filter course particles such as dust and lint from the inhaled air.

Features of nasal cavity - Answer Olfactory mucosa (helps with smell)

Olfactory receptors

Characteristics of nose cartilage - Answer Soft and flexible yet structured enough to form unobstructed
airway

,What are conchae and what is their function - Answer 3 projections of curved structures on the lateral
wall

They create turbulence so heavier particles fall to the epithelial surface which then traps them with
mucous, which cilia then moves to the osopharynx

---> Assists to CLEAN the incoming air

What is a sinus and the four sinuses surrounding the nose - Answer Cavity within a bone which is
normally filled with air

- Frontal

- Sphenoid

- Ethmoid

- Maxillary

Where does the sinuses drain into? - Answer The pharynx

Function of sinuses - Answer Lighten the skull

Act as resonance chambers for speech

Produce mucus that drains into the nasal cavity (increases SA)

CLEAN, WARMS AND MOISTENS THE AIR

Function of the plexus of thin walled veins in the nasal cavity - Answer Helps to WARM the incoming air

As temperature drops, the vascular plexus dilates allowing a greater volume of warm blood to flow
through and therefore greater heat transfer (opposite to what the rest of the body does)

Nose bleeds originate from damage to these veins

, Where does the nasopharynx stretch to and from, what passes down in - Answer Choncae - Tip of the
soft palete

Auditory tube opening

Air only (RS epithelium)

Where does the oropharynx stretch to and from, what passes down it - Answer Soft palete - hyoid
bone

Air AND food (stratified squamous)

Features of the larynx (LRT) - Answer Anterior and inferior to oesophagus

Has plates of cartilage which protects and maintains open airways

Surrounds and protects the glottis (voicebox)

Swallowing - food has the right of way so no breathing

When the larynx is closed the epiglottis is pushed over to cover airway entry which protects the lungs
from food thats gone the wrong way

What is the arytheroid complex - Answer Cartilages with vocal chords and vestibular folds attached

Four key features of the lower respiratory tract - Answer Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli

Function of LRT - Answer Conducts air to/from sites of gas exchange

Completes the cleaning, warming and humidifciation of inhaled air

Trachea anatomy - Answer Anterior to esophagus, larynx to primary brouchus and lined with
RESPIRATORY MUCOSA

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