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Pearson Biology midterm (2024) Newest Questions and Answers (Verified Answers)
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Pearson Biology midterm (2024) Newest Questions and Answers (Verified Answers)
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Pearson Biology midterm.pdf file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/New%20folder%20(4)/Pearson%20BioPearson Biology Midterm
1. cell membrane: thin,flexible barrier around the cell; regulates what goes in and
out of the cell
2. cell wall: strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and
some bacteria
3. chloroplast: captures the energy from sunlight and converts it to chemical energy
4. cytoplasm: material inside cell membrane-not including the nucleus
5. cytoskeleton: network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell
maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement
6. golgi apparatus: stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts,and pack-
ages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
7. lysosome: cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain
materials in the cell
8. nuclear envelope: layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell
9. nucleolus: small dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of
proteins begin
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,Pearson Biology midterm.pdf file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/New%20folder%20(4)/Pearson%20Bio
10. ribosome: small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of
RNA and protein
11. vacuole: cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and
carbohydrates
12. diffusion: process by which molecules tend to move from an area where theyare
more concentrated to an area where they area less concentrated
13. osmosis: diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
14. isotonic: when the concentration of two solutions is the same
15. hypertonic: when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater con-
centration of solutes
16. hypotonic: when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concen-
tration of solutes
17. facilitated diffusion: movement of specific molecules across cell membranes
through protein channels
18. active transport: energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference
19. endocytosis: process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding ofthe
cell membrane
20. phagocystosis: process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf
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