Exam (elaborations)
IB 150 Midterm 2 With Complete Solutions Latest Update
- Course
- IB 150
- Institution
- University Of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign
IB 150 Midterm 2 With Complete Solutions Latest Update
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Solution 2024/2025Pepper
IB 150 Midterm 2 With Complete Solutions
Latest Update
phenotypic diversity
Variation in morphology, physiology, behavior of an organism
phenotype
- Observable features of an organism
- Controlled by genotype and/or environment
genotype
- Genetic makeup of an organism
- DNA sequence
- Genes code for proteins --> different versions of resulting proteins or
differences of expression yield differences in phenotype
gene
a stretch of DNA that has the instructions to build a specific protein (There
are stretches of non coding DNA before next coding sequence)
DNA
The genetic blueprint of life
The molecule that holds hereditary information
In the cells in the nucleus (tiny bit in mitochondria)
Plants have a little bit in cytoplasm
Each DNA molecule is very long (1 inch) but they are so thin which is why
we can't see them
Genome
Genetic blueprint/the total sum of genetic instructions to form DNA
4 nucleotide bases (for DNA)
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
Hydrophobic
Water fearing (non polar)
Hydrophilic
water loving (polar)
folding pattern
is determined by the amino acids in the sequence
chromosomes
linear stretch of DNA containing millions of nucleotide bases
histones
Protein complexes involved in DNA structure
chromatin
Combination of DNA and the histone complexes
gene locus
the "address" of a gene on a chromosome
The "central dogma" of biology
The genetic info in a gene gets copied, transcribed, into a molecule of
messenger RNA (mRNA) that can leave the nucleus.
In the cell's cytoplasm, the genetic info carried by the mRNA molecule is
translated into a protein, by stringing together amino acid molecules, the
"building blocks" out of which proteins are made.
30 nm fiber
The chromatin fiber is then typically wound into a coil called this; reference
to diameter which is 30 nm across
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
The action of proteins are the link between the genotype and the phenotype
Proteins directly determine every other aspect of the organism, either by
contributing themselves to cell structure and function (structural, motor,
antibody, transport proteins etc.), by controlling development (hormones,
receptor proteins), and by catalyzing the manufacture of all other
macromolecules needed for life (enzymes).
mRNA to DNA
DNA = A+T G+C
mRNA = A+U G+C
mRNA leaves the nucleus
Each of the 46 chromosomes...
...in our cells is simply one single incredibly long and tightly condensed
molecules of DNA
base pairing rules
Each chromosome is one long molecule of DNA
Base pairings for DNA are C to G, A to T
Base pairings for RNA are A to U, C to G
DNA is a long chain-like molecule made up of little subunits, called ______.
Nucleotides
C to G, A to T (complementary bases)
sugar phosphate backbone
Our Genome Encodes Information on How to Make Proteins
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