QCapp AP Human Geography UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Industrial Revolution - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔the term used for the transformation from
an agricultural society to an industrial society as a result of new technologies and facilitated
by the availability of natural resources (resulting in factories, mass-produced goods, and
assembly lines that replaced handmade goods)
industrialization - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔process that occurs when countries evolve from
primarily agricultural producing basic, primary goods to one based on mechanized mass
manufacturing of goods (craftsmen are replaced by assembly lines)
primary sector - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔economic activity that involves extracting (raw
materials) or harvesting (food) products, e.g. gathering industries (renewable resources):
agriculture, forestry, hunting and gathering, fishing, grazing, e.g. extractive industries
(nonrenewable resources): mining, quarrying
secondary sector - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔economic activity that processes raw materials
and transforms them into finished goods, e.g. manufacturing industries
tertiary sector - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔economic activity that provides services, e.g.
health, legal, restaurants, stores
quaternary sector - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔economic activity that involves collecting,
processing & manipulation of information & capital, e.g. finance, insurance, computer
services
quinary sector - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔economic activity consisting of high-level
decision making and advancement of human capacities, e.g. scientific research, higher
education, government
core - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔countries where economic power (wealth, innovation,
technology) is concentrated that control and benefit from the global market on which
,periphery and semi-periphery countries depend, e.g. U.S., Western European countries,
Canada, Australia, Japan
semi-periphery - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔countries that are industrializing that exert more
power in the world economy than the periphery, but are dominated to some degree by the
core, e.g. newly industrialized countries such as Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa,
Turkey
periphery - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔countries with low levels of economic productivity
and a disproportionately small share of the world's wealth with weaker state institutions,
lower standards of living and are often dependent on the core, e.g. Sub-Saharan African
countries (except South Africa), parts of South America and Asia
break of bulk point - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔the transfer of transported cargo from one
kind of carrier to another, e.g. port- from ship to truck
Least Cost Theory - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Alfred Weber, theory that describes the
optimal location of an industry in relation to costs of transport, labor, and relative advantages
of agglomeration, an industry is located where it can minimize its costs, and therefore
maximize its profits
agglomeration - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔the clustering of businesses that can benefit from
close proximity because they share skilled-labor and customer base
footloose industries - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔industry in which the location is not
impacted by the cost of transporting either raw materials or finished products
LDC (less developed country) - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔countries with low levels of
industrialization, urbanization and low standards of living that are mainly focused on primary
activities, predominantly agriculture
NIC (newly industrialized country) - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔less developed countries
with growing industrial economies and a developing trade status in the global marketplace
(BRICs: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa)
,MDC (more developed country) - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔countries with highly
developed economies, high levels of industrialization, urbanization, advanced technological
infrastructure and high standards of living
post-industrial society - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔a society in which the economy has
transitioned from a manufacturing-based economy to a service-based economy
GDP (gross domestic product) - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔measurement of the total value of
goods and services produced within the borders of a country during a specific time period,
usually one year
GNP (gross national product) - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔measurement of the total value of
goods and services produced within the borders of a country plus the net income from
companies that are located outside the country and foreign investments during a specific time
period, usually one year
GNI per capita (gross national income per capita) - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔measurement
of the total value of goods and services produced within the borders of a country plus the net
income from companies that are located outside the country and foreign investments, but
minus dividend payments and indirect business taxes during a specific time period, usually
one year, divided by the population
Gini coefficient - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔measurement of income distribution within a
population
fertility rate - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔the average number of children a woman will have
during her childbearing years (15-49)
infant mortality rate - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔number of deaths under one year of age per
1,000 live births during a given year
access to health care - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔refers to the ease with which an individual
can obtain needed medical services
literacy rate - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔percent of population who can read and write
, gender inequality - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔acknowledges that gender affects an
individual's lived experiences; gender inequality is experienced across different cultures;
tradition and culture pose obstacles to women's economic development, especially in less
developed countries
GII (gender inequality index) - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔measurement that evaluates
women's status in a country based on participation in economic, political, and labor-market
participation, as well as reproductive health issues, indices of empowerment, and labor-
market participation
HDI (human development index) - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔measurement used by the
United Nations to calculate development in terms of human welfare (using both economic
and social indicators)
gender parity - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔measurement of the relative access to education of
males and females, e.g. ratio of females to males enrolled in a given stage of education
(primary, secondary)
objective of gender equality - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔a society in which women and men
enjoy the same opportunities, rights, and obligations in all spheres of life and is linked to
sustainable development
microloan - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔low interest loans usually for smaller sums of money
to provide extremely poor people the opportunity to open a small local business and is often
targeted to women in less developed countries to lift them out of poverty and is helping to
improve standards of living
Rostow's Stages of Economic Growth - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔theory that assumes all
countries are capable of development along the same trajectory which encompasses five
stages of linear development towards self-sustained economic growth and high levels of mass
consumption
Wallerstein's World Systems Theory (Core-Periphery Model) - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔model that describes how economic power is distributed between dominant regions and
less powerful regions and proposes that less developed countries are defined by their
dependence on a developed core
