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ECVS BOARD EXAM MISC PART 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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ECVS BOARD EXAM MISC PART 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS...
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Where is the most common location of a cryptorchid testicle?Abdomen (it can be located anywhere along the cranial pole of the
kidney to the external inguinal ring)
Cryptorchid males are how many times more likely to develop testicular
tumours?
13.6x
Name the arrhythmia seen, what is the most common breed affected by
this and list causes. What is the treatment if idiopathic?
Atrial standstill (bradycardia, absence of P waves)
Springer Spaniels (etiology undertermined)
Other causes... hyperkalemia, renal failure, obstructive uropathy
Ventricular pacemaker
Most common stomach tumour in dogs? Other ddx?
Adenocarcinoma
Leiomyosarcoma, GIST, leiomyoma, adenoma, fibrosarcoma, lymphoma
What % of dogs with high grade (3) STS develop metastatic disease?
40%
Most common location for STS
subcutaneous tissue
What is the route of metastasis for STS
hematogenous
The tumours that are typically included in the STS group are:
fibro-sarcoma, perivascular wall tumours (previously called haeman-
giopericytoma), liposarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma,
mesenchymoma, myxosarcoma, non-plexus derived peripheral nerve
,sheath tumours (previously called neurofibrosarcoma or schwannoma)
and undifferentiated sarcoma
FNA of SQ mass.. sensitivity to be diagnosed as neoplastic is what %?
About 90%
Minimum number of recommended samples to collect when performing
tru cut biopsy of a SQ mass?
6
What is reported 3 year survival of incomplete STS excision followed by
adjunctive RT?
61-81%
Mitotic index is defined as...
mitotic index (MI)(the number of mitotic figures identified per 10 high-
power microscopic fields)
With STS, histologic grade is assigned based on what factors?
Degree of differentiation
Mitotic index
Tumour necrosis
What axial pattern flap is demonstrated here?
Genicular axial pattern flap
McSporran et al 2009 Vet Path - reported recurrence of STS following
marginal excision for grade 1, 2, 3
1- 7%
2- 34%
3- 75%
What proportion of STS are reported to occur on a limb?
>50%
Prpich et al 2013 - Mean time and range for widely excised STS on
distal limb to heal via second intention?
53 days (1-6 months)
How is metronomic chemotherapy thought to inhibit tumour growth?
,Rather than being directly cytotoxic, metronomic chemotherapy is
thought to inhibit tumour growth via a combination of anti-angiogenic and
some immunomodulatory effects
Use of chemo in canine STS is not well supported. If pursued in high
grade cases, what drug is usually recommended?
Doxorubicin protocols
Most common reported complication associated with ESF
Wire and pin track inflammation/pin loosening was the most com-mon
complication during the convales-cent period
Proposed etiology of pes varus in daschunds?
PES VARUS, a bone deformity ascribed to eccentric medial closure of
the distal tibial physis, causes varusangulation of the distal aspect of the
tibia
Althoughtrauma to the medial aspect of the distal tibial growthplate could
create the deformity, most affected dogs arejuvenile Dachshunds
without history of trauma, so a ge-netic cause is suspected.
Dx?
Pes Varus
What is the function of the caval stent in transjugular coil embolisation of
intrahepatic shunts?
Prevents coil migration
Review this image of pes varus deformity correction planning
PAA=prox anatomic axis
DAA=dist anatomic axis
Radasch et al Vet Surg 2008 Info on Dachshund distal tibial joint
orientation
, Normal tibiae measured 12 degrees of VALGUS (see image)
Pes Varus correction in a Dachshund.. what feature of this osteotomy is
being demonstrated as ideal technique here?
Partial osteotomy for preservation of transcortex and fibula (ideal but
challenging to achieve)
Radasch et al Vet Surg 2008 Review median angular correction for Pes
Varus in Daschunds and median post op valgus orientation...
Median wedge angle =36 degrees
Median post op VALGUS = 7 degrees
Normal tibia for daschund was 12 degrees VALGUS
List benefits of circular ESF over plates for correction of pes varus in
daschunds
External fixation has advantages including: use of min-imally invasive
approaches, and some degree of postop-erative manipulation of the
osteotomy may be possible,depending on frame design. A purported
advantage ofHESF is that short juxta-articular bone segments can
bestabilized using 2-3 small diameter fixation wires.3,9-12Ina tibia with
pes varus deformity, the maximum point ofangulation, the CORA, is
located in the region of thedistal metaphysis, and would be the ideal
position forosteotomy
How do olive wires in ESF frames improve biomechanics over simple
smooth wires?
Use of olivewires, preferably counteropposed olive wires, improves axial,
bending, and torsional stability by preventingtranslation of bone
segments along the wires
What concurrent orthopedic disease can be observed with pes varus?
Lateral patellar luxation
List primary and secondary components of BOAS
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