✓ Beck - Correct answer Beck developed the cognitive model of depression and the concept
that cognitive processing distortions underlie psychological disorders
✓ ACTIVE, TIME-LIMITED APPROACH
✓ depression can be understood via schemas: - Correct answer Beck;
✓ cognitive errors, and the cognitive triad (i.e., negative views of self, tendency toward interpreting
experiences in a negative manner, and holding negative views of the future).
✓ Beck assumption - Correct answer Distorted thinking contributes to and maintains bheavior
(symptoms)
✓ Ellis - Correct answer RET (Rational Emotive Therapy) a form of cbt
✓ ret - Correct answer unrealistic and irrational beliefs cause many emotional problems. The
purpose of RET is to identify an irrational belief and dispute it through active, philosophical,
confrontational therapy.
✓ RET assumption - Correct answer People make themselves sick anytime they escalate a
desire or preference into a demand or absolute must. (People become who they become based
on their beliefs).
✓ Skinner - Correct answer operant conditioning
[Date] 2
2
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NSG 526 EXAM 2 With Complete Solution
Latest Updated 2024. Assured A+
✓ Operant conditioning - Correct answer voluntary behaviors are learned through
consequences, and behavioral responses are elicited through reinforcement, which causes a
behavior to occur more frequently. Positive reinforcement- getting a gift, or negative
reinforcement- removal of objectionable' or aversive stimulus
✓ Skinner - Correct answer Absence of reinforcement, or extinction, also decreases behavior
by withholding a reward that has become habitual. Teachers employ this strategy in the
classroom when they ignore acting-out behavior that had previously been rewarded by more
attention.
✓ Skinner's behavior model provides a concrete method for modifying or replacing behaviors.
Behavior management and modification programs based on his principles have shown to be
successful in altering targeted behaviors. Programmed learning and token economies represent
extensions of Skinner's thoughts on learning. Behavioral methods are particularly effective with
children, adolescents, and individuals with many forms of chronic mental illness.
✓ Universality - Correct answer Yaslom: The recognition of shared experiences and feelings
among group members and that these may be widespread or universal human concerns, serves
to remove a group member's sense of isolation, validate their experiences, and raise self-esteem.
✓ Altruism - Correct answer Yaslom: The group is a place where members can help each
other, and the experience of being able to give something to another person can lift the member's
self esteem and help develop more adaptive coping styles and interpersonal skills.
✓ Instillation of hope - Correct answer Yaslom: In a mixed group that has members at various
stages of development or recovery, a member can be inspired and encouraged by another
member who has overcome the problems with which they are still struggling.
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