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H105
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H105 GRADE A Q&AWilmot Proviso - (correct answer)in U.S. history, important congressional proposal in the
1840s to prohibit the extension of slavery into the territories, a basic plank upon which
the Republican Party was subsequently built. Soon after the Mexican War, Pres. James
K. Polk asked Congress for $2,000,000 to negotiate peace and settle the boundary with
Mexico.
In behalf of anti-slavery forces throughout the country, a Democratic congressman from
Pennsylvania named David Wilmot offered an amendment (August 8, 1846) to the bill
forbidding slavery in the new territory, thus precipitating bitter national debate in an
atmosphere of heightening sectional conflict. Despite repeated attempts, the Wilmot
Proviso was never passed by both houses of Congress. But out of the attempt by both
Democrats and Whigs to subordinate or compromise the slavery issue grew the
Republican Party, founded in 1854, which specifically supported the Wilmot principle.
Manifest Destiny - (correct answer)in U.S. history, the supposed inevitability of the
continued territorial expansion of the boundaries of the United States westward to the
Pacific and beyond. Before the American Civil War (1861-65), the idea of Manifest
Destiny was used to validate continental acquisitions in the Oregon Country, Texas,
New Mexico, and California. The purchase of Alaska after the Civil War briefly revived
the concept of Manifest Destiny, but it most evidently became a renewed force in U.S.
foreign policy in the 1890s, when the country went to war with Spain, annexed Hawaii,
and laid plans for an isthmian canal across Central America.
Free labor Ideology - (correct answer)The definition of free labor ideology is the belief
that labor should result in independence and wealth distribution. Free labor ideology is a
term used to refer to the differences between the Northern and Southern economies
during the nineteenth century. A common misconception is that free labor ideology
refers to the economy of the South at that time.
Free labor became the foundation of Republican ideology in the middle of the
nineteenth century. At that time, the term laborer was first being introduced to define a
variety of workers. Essentially, a laborer was anyone who worked for himself as
opposed to working for another person's profit. A popular belief regarding free labor
ideology during this time was that this system of labor would lead to greater wealth
distribution.
, William Lloyd Garrison - (correct answer)William Lloyd Garrison was a prominent
American abolitionist, journalist, suffragist, and social reformer. He is best known as the
editor of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator, which he founded with Isaac Knapp in
1831 and published in Massachusetts until slavery was abolished by Constitutional
amendment after the American Civil War. He was one of the founders of the American
Anti-Slavery Society. He promoted "immediate emancipation" of slaves in the United
States. In the 1870s, Garrison became a prominent voice for the woman suffrage
movement.
Compromise of 1850 - (correct answer)The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five
separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850, which defused
a four-year political confrontation between slave and free states regarding the status of
territories acquired during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848).
1. California was entered as a free state.
2. New Mexico and Utah were each allowed to use popular sovereignty to decide the
issue of slavery. In other words, the people would pick whether the states would be free
or slave.
3. The Republic of Texas gave up lands that it claimed in present day New Mexico and
received $10 million to pay its debt to Mexico.
4. The slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia.
5. The Fugitive Slave Act made any federal official who did not arrest a runaway slave
liable to pay a fine. This was the most controversial part of the Compromise of 1850 and
caused many abolitionists to increase their efforts against slavery.
Kansas-Nebraska Act - (correct answer)The Kansas-Nebrask Act was an 1854 bill that
mandated "popular sovereignty"-allowing settlers of a territory to decide whether slavery
would be allowed within a new state's borders. Proposed by Stephen A. Douglas-
Abraham Lincoln's opponent in the influential Lincoln-Douglas debates-the bill
overturned the Missouri Compromise's use of latitude as the boundary between slave
and free territory. The conflicts that arose between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers
in the aftermath of the act's passage led to the period of violence known as Bleeding
Kansas, and helped paved the way for the American Civil War (1861-65).
Seneca Falls Convention - (correct answer)At the Wesleyan Chapel in Seneca Falls,
N.Y., a woman's rights convention-the first ever held in the United States-convenes with
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