Computationally Infeasible correct answers When a computer algorithm is so complicated that it would take too long to run in a reasonable time.
Computer Organization correct answers - Addresses control signals (how the computer is controlled), signaling methods, and memory types. • How does a ...
Exam #1 IS310 UMBC || with Complete Solutions.
Computationally Infeasible correct answers When a computer algorithm is so complicated that it
would take too long to run in a reasonable time.
Computer Organization correct answers - Addresses control signals (how the computer is
controlled), signaling methods, and memory types. • How does a computer work physically?
Computer Architecture correct answers Focuses on the structure and behavior of the computer
system and refers to the logical and abstract aspects of system implementation as seen by the
programmer. • How does a computer work logically?
Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) correct answers An agreed-upon (a standard) interface
between all of the software that runs on a machine and the hardware that executes it.
Principle of Equivalence correct answers Any task done by software can also be done by
hardware, and any operation performed directly by hardware can be done by software.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) correct answers Focuses on electrical
and computer engineering.
International Telecommunications Union (ITU) correct answers Focuses on standards for
telephony and other data communication systems.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) correct answers Sets certain computer standards
specific to the United States.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) correct answers Coordinates worldwide
standard development
Jaquard Loom (1801) correct answers Used punched cards (a program) to instruct a machine to
weave patterns into cloth.
Babbage Difference Engine (1822) correct answers Designed to solve polynomial functions
Babbage Analytical Engine (1833) correct answers • The first machine we could reasonably call
a computer. • Used Jaquard's concept of punched cards to store programs.
Hollerith Tabulating Machine (1889) correct answers First used to compile 1890 Census. •
Punch cards were the primary way of storing programs in computers until the 1950s
Hollerith Card correct answers The standard card format used during this time. IBM
Vacuum Tube (Valve) correct answers Controls the flow of electrons in electrical systems in a
similar way to how valves control the flow of water in a plumbing system.
, ENIAC (1946) correct answers • The first all-electric, general-purpose digital computer. •
Designed to calculate ballistic trajectories during World War 2
Transistor (1948) correct answers A solid-state version of a switch that can be opened or closed
by electrical signals.
• Considerably more reliable than vacuum tubes.
Integrated Circuit (Microchip) correct answers Allowed the placement of multiple transistors on
a single (usually silicon) chip. • Invented by Robert Noyce, who co-founded Intel.
VLSI (Very Large-Scale Integration) correct answers Over time the number of transistors that
could be placed on a chip increased dramatically. • Due to better fabrication technology.
Moore's Law correct answers The density of silicon chips doubles every 18 months. • Has held
for 50 years
Rock's Law correct answers The cost of capital equipment to build semiconductors will double
every four years.
Semantic Gap correct answers The difference between the programs you run on a computer and
the actual physical hardware executing those programs.
Level 6 correct answers The applications you use on a computer.
Level 5 correct answers The programming languages used to create the programs in Level 6.
Level 4 correct answers When your code is compiled (like Java) into something that can be run
by the operating system.
Level 3 correct answers The operating system
Level 2 correct answers The machine language that the operating system uses to communicate
with the hardware.
Level 1 correct answers Conducts the transmission of data between hardware components.
Level 0 correct answers The physical, electronic hardware
Cloud Computing correct answers Any type of virtual computing platform provided over the
Internet that offers a set of shared resources, such as storage, networking, applications, and
various other processes.
Service-Level Agreement (SLA) correct answers Act as warranties and provide penalties if
certain parameters of system performance and availability are not met
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