Physiological needs which influence safety include: - ANSWERSSufficient oxygen, nutrition, & optimum temperature
(These must be met before physical & psychological safety & security can be addressed)
What is the leading cause of burns, reported fires, deaths, & injuries involving home medical...
RNSG 1430 Exam 2 Study Guide
Questions & Answers
Physiological needs which influence safety include: - ANSWERSSufficient oxygen,
nutrition, & optimum temperature
(These must be met before physical & psychological safety & security can be
addressed)
What is the leading cause of burns, reported fires, deaths, & injuries involving home
medical oxygen? - ANSWERSSmoking
A furnace, stove, or fireplace that is not properly vented introduces what into the
environment? - ANSWERSCarbon monoxide
How does carbon monoxide affect a person? - ANSWERSIt binds to hemoglobin,
preventing the formation of oxyhemoglobin and thus reducing the supply of oxygen
delivered to tissues.
How long does it take for very high doses of carbon monoxide to kill a person? -
ANSWERS1 - 3 minutes of exposure
What factors increase risk of falling? - ANSWERSHistory of falling
65 years or older
Reduced vision
Orthostatic hypotension
Lower-extremity weakness
Gait & balance
Urinary incontinence
Improper use of walking aids
Various medications
HIV, aids, and hepatitis B virus or transmitted how? - ANSWERSBlood, and other select
body fluids
What is adverse event? - ANSWERSAn event that results in unintended harm to the
patient by an act of commission/omission rather than disease or condition.
Commission: irresponsible act you do
Omission: act you choose not to do and affect someone else
,What is a near miss? - ANSWERSAn error of commission/omission that could have
harmed the patient, but serious harm did not occur as a result of chance, prevention,
mitigation.
What is a sentinel event? - ANSWERSAn unexpected occurrence involving death,
serious physical or psychological injury.
(Loss of limb/function, "sentinel" = immediate investigation)
What are diagnostic errors? - ANSWERSThe result of delay in diagnosis
Failure to employee indicated test
Use of outmoded test
Failure to act on results of test
What is a treatment error? - ANSWERSOccurs in the performance of an operation.
(Procedure, test, administering treatment; dose/method of administering a drug; or an
avoidable delay in treatment or in responding to an abnormal test)
What are preventative errors? - ANSWERSFailures to provide prophylactic treatment
and in adequate monitoring/follow-up of treatment.
(Realizing somethings wrong and not correcting it)
What is an active error? - ANSWERSErrors made by those who are providing care,
responding to patient's needs at "sharp end."
(Sharp end correlates with direct patient care, placement of error)
What is a latent error? - ANSWERSMore organizational, contextual, and diffuse in
nature or design related. Errors at the "blunt end"
(Blunt end correlates with Organized systems, placement of error)
What does "just culture" refer to? - ANSWERSSeeks to find a balance between the
need to learn from mistakes and the need for disciplinary action against employees.
(People are not punished for a flawed system. There are exceptions.)
What antecedents need to exist in order for safety to be a concept? -
ANSWERSKnowledge of risk
Professional accountability
Motivation to achieve safety
Effective system process
Collaboration
, T/F: A pathogen is present, so no infection will occur. - ANSWERSFalse
What has to happen in order for infection to occur? - ANSWERSThe chain of infection
must stay intact
What is the chain of infection? - ANSWERS1. Etiologic agent (microorganisms, toxin)
2. Reservoir (survive, multiply, await transfer)
3. Portal of exit (blood, mucous membranes)
4. Mode of transmission (hand hygiene, equipment)
5. Portal of entry (usually same as portal of exit)
6. Susceptible host (person's immune system)
What is the most effective way to break the chain of infection? - ANSWERSHand
hygiene
What are the two types of human reservoirs? - ANSWERSPeople with acute or
symptomatic disease
People who are carriers but show no signs
What is the ideal temperature for most human pathogens? - ANSWERS20°C - 43°C
(68°F - 109°F)
What pH range do most micro organisms thrive? - ANSWERS5.0-7.0
What are the two types of aseptic technique? - ANSWERSMedical asepsis (clean) and
surgical asepsis (sterile)
What is the first line of defense in medical asepsis? - ANSWERSHand hygiene
Metabolism - ANSWERSThe process of biochemical reactions, or enzymatic breakdown
occurring in the body
What is Virulence? - ANSWERSAbility to cause disease
(Referring to the number of microorganisms present)
Hormonal regulation - ANSWERSPhysiological mechanisms that regulate the secretion
and action of hormones associated with the endocrine system.
Bruit - ANSWERSTurbulent, swooshing sound heard through a stethoscope when an
artery is partially occluded
What symptoms might a patient show if they have cushing's syndrome? -
ANSWERSPoor immunity
Poor metabolism
Truncle obesity
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