Climacteric phase - ANSWER-The period of
endocrinologic, somatic, and transitory
psychologic changes that occur around the time
of menopause.
HPO axis theory and the menopause transition -
ANSWER-It is felt that the HPO axis may
become less sensitive to estrogen, so even with
good follicle growth and estradiol secretion, LH
,surges can fail which can lead to more cycle
irregularity
Early menopause - ANSWER-LMP before age 45
Late menopause - ANSWER-LMP after age 54
Early menopause transition (stage -2) -
ANSWER-Persistent difference of 7 days or
more in the length of consecutive cycles.
Primary ovarian insufficiency - ANSWER-
Menopause that occurs before age 40
,Late menopause transition (stage -1) -
ANSWER-60 or more consecutive days of
amenorrhea
Obese women and estradiol levels during
menopause - ANSWER-Obese women are more
likely to have anovulatory cycles with high
estradiol levels. They are also more likely to
have lower premenopause yet higher
postmenopause estradiol levels compared with
women of normal weight. (why they are at
higher risk of endometrial cancer)
Luteal out of phase event (LOOP) - ANSWER-
Explains why some perimenopausal women
have elevated estrogen level sometimes...In the
early menopause transition, elevated FSH levels
are adequate to recruit a second follicle which
, results in a follicular phase-like rise in estradiol
secretion superimposed on the mid-to-late
luteal phase of the ongoing ovulatory cycle.
Chinese and Japanese women - ANSWER-These
ethnic groups have lower estradiol levels then
white, black and hispanic women.
stage +2 - ANSWER-late menopause stage: 5-8
years after FMP. Somatic aging predominates.
Increased genitourinary symptoms.
Stages +1a, +1b, +1c - ANSWER-early post
menopause: 2 years after FMP. FSH rises,
estradiol decreases. VMS predominate.
Elevated FSH, LH - ANSWER-Endocrine labs after
menopause
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