NURS 125Davenport University - NURS125: Pharmacology
in Nursing Practice I - FINAL EXAM
Conversions to know for med math Correct Answer 1 mg =
1000 mcg
1 g = 1000 mg
1 L = 1000 mL
1 tsp = 5 mL
1 Tbsp = 15 mL
1 oz = 30 mL
1 cup = 8 oz = 240 mL
2.2 lb = 1kg
How are Hepatitis A, B, and C spread? Correct Answer
Hepatitis A: Oral-fecal (contaminated food)
Hepatitis B: Blood and body fluids (contaminated)
Hepatitis C: Blood and body fluids (infected)
How can Hepatitis B be eliminated? Correct Answer
Antivirals: stop virus replication
Immunomodulators: boost body defenses (like interferon,
proteins made and released by cells in response to presence of
pathogens)
How does the HIV virus cause infection? Correct Answer
Synthesis of viral DNA from viral RNA by enzyme reverse
transcriptase (not in humans)
,-> Viral DNA synthesis requires nucleotides... their building
blocks to which NRTI's and NtRTI's resemble
It rapidly mutates so there is no vaccine
How is Hepatitis A prevented by vaccine? Correct Answer
Indicated for all children ages 2 - 18, travelers to countries with
high infection rates, & illegal drug users
Initial dose + booster 6 - 12 months later ~ 100% immunity
-> Average length of protection = 5 - 8 years, ↑ to 20
Prophylaxis: HAIg (hepatitis A immunoglobulin, a concentrated
solution of antibodies)
-> Passive protection for 3 months; 85% effective
How is Hepatitis B prevented by vaccine? Correct Answer
Indicated for all children from birth - 18 months, health care
workers, travelers to countries with high infection rates, etc.
3 doses; 90% protection
Prophylaxis: HBIg
-> Given ASAP after exposure
How is influenza prevented by the annual vaccine? Correct
Answer Recommended for all persons aged > 6 months,
especially high-risk groups (LTC residents, women pregnant
during flu season, healthcare personnel)
Immunity achieved in 2 weeks; will last months → year
,**Of the A, B, and C flu types, A causes pandemics
How is occupational exposure to HIV prevented? Correct
Answer Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP)
-> Initiated within 24 - 36 hours after exposure to HIV-positive
patient
-> Only used if exposure sufficiently severe & fluid source
known or strongly suspected to contain HIV
-> Expensive & dangerous
How is perinatal transmission of HIV prevented? Correct
Answer Reduced 70% with drug therapy
Oral zidovudine to mother from week 14 - 34 of gestation
IV zidovudine to mother during labor
Oral zidovudine to newborn for 6 weeks after delivery
How is the antineoplastic drug fluorouracil applied? Correct
Answer Twice daily to lesions using nonmetallic applicator,
clean fingertips, or gloved fingers
Immediately wash hands afterwards
How is the osmotic diuretic drug mannitol administered?
Correct Answer Given IV if pressure not lowered by other
methods
, Is there a vaccine available for Hepatitis C? How is it treated?
Correct Answer No vaccine available
Immunoglobulins not recommended
-> Unable to demonstrate effectiveness
Chronic therapy
-> Interferon + antiviral ribavirin (used for infant RSV
inhalation) = more sustained viral suppression
What antiemetic drugs are anticholinergics and antihistamines?
Correct Answer scopolamine (Transderm-Scop)
meclizine (Antivert)
dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
What are adverse effects of prostaglandin agonist drugs?
Correct Answer Permanently turn eye color from bluish-brown,
green, or hazel to brown
What are adverse effects of skin parasite drugs? Correct Answer
permethrin: itching, stinging, & tingling
lindane: serious nervous system toxicity
What are adverse effects of the antiacne drug benzoyl peroxide?
Correct Answer Drying, irritation, & local redness
What are adverse effects of topical corticosteroids? Correct
Answer Long-term use: hypopigmentation (loss of skin color
due to reduction in melanin production), irritation, redness, &
thinning of skin
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