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ILE 2 FINAL EXAM with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest Update 2024
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ILE 2 FINAL EXAM with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest Update 2024
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ILE 2 FINAL EXAM with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | LatestUpdate 2024
non-pharm therapy in AD - ✔✔identify behavioral and causative factors
identify symptoms and adapt the environment to remedy the situation-> minimize stressors
exercise, light therapy, relaxation techniques
caregiver education and support
monitor for how long after initiation of AD therapy - ✔✔8 weeks and then every 6 months
vascular dementia caused by - ✔✔acute, specific event: stroke or transient ischemic attack
vascular dementia signs - ✔✔sudden decline in cognitive abilities, step-like decline
unilateral limitations, memory impairment same time as motor impairment
Lewy body dementia causes - ✔✔aggression of Lewy body proteins (alpha synuclein)
Lewy body dementia symptoms - ✔✔wide variation in daily function, poor balance, flat
facial effect, visual hallucinations, REM sleep (physically act out dreams)
,Delirium - ✔✔begins suddenly, mainly affects attention, sundowning, HR and BP instability
dementia is major RF for - ✔✔delirium
delirium insults - ✔✔UTI, anticholinergics, alcohol withdrawal, B12 deficiency
delirium risk factors - ✔✔age and cognitive dysfunction
delirium treatment - ✔✔management of underlying factor, supportive care
MOCA - ✔✔out of 30 points:
26-30 normal
25-21 mild cognitive impairment
20-0 dementia
add 1 point if education is less than 12 years
SLUMS - ✔✔high school diploma:
27-30 normal
21-26 mild cognitive
1-20 dementia
no high school diploma:
25-30 normal
20-24 mild cognitive
1-19 dementia
bradypnea - ✔✔<12 breaths per minute
,tachypnea - ✔✔>20 breaths per minute
FVC - ✔✔air expelled from lungs, normal in asthma
FEV1 - ✔✔first second of FVC, reduced in asthma
FEV1/FVC ratio - ✔✔normal is 70-80%, reduced in asthma
percent of reversibility in asthma - ✔✔>12
clinical presentation of asthma - ✔✔SOB, cough, wheeze, chest tightness
diagnosis of asthma - ✔✔patients usually have one or more of these symptoms:
worse at night or upon waking
vary over time and intensity
may present due to triggers
worsen in viral illness
confirm diagnosis with evaluating expiratory airflow limitations in age-appropriate patient
FEV1>200 mL >12% reversibility - after bronchodilator
asthma risk factors - ✔✔viral infections, allergens, irritants, exercise, stress, laughter, cold
air, barometric changes, medications
what to assess in asthma - ✔✔patient control, comorbidities, and treatment
, when to measure lung function in asthma - ✔✔at diagnosis/ start of treatment, then 3-6
months after controller treatment, then periodically (annually)
GINA assessment of asthma symptoms - ✔✔in past 4 weeks:
daytime symptoms more than 2x/week?
night waking?
SABA needed more than 2x/week?
any activity limitation?
GINA control assessment - ✔✔0: well controlled
1-2: partly controlled
3-4: uncontrolled
assessing asthma severity - ✔✔assess the level of treatment to control symptoms
and exacerbations after been on controller for several months (at least 2-3)
categories of severity in asthma - ✔✔mild- well controlled with PRN ICS-formoterol or low
dose ICS
moderate- well controlled with low or medium dose ICS-LABA
severe- uncontrolled with high dose ICS-LABA or requires high dose ICS-LABA to prevent asthma
from being uncontrolled
asthma: symptoms less than 4-5 days/week (preferred method) - ✔✔step 1-2: PRN low
dose ICS-formoterol
asthma: symptoms most days, waking due to asthma (preferred method) - ✔✔step 3: low
dose maintenance ICS-formoterol
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