RECEPTORS OF THE IMMUNE
SYSTEM,
PHAGOCYTIC CELLS, AND
TOLERANCE
Receptors of the innate immune system mediate a number of
different functions.
Many are phagocytic receptors that stimulate ingestion of the
pathogens they recognize.
Some are chemotactic receptors, such as t...
RECEPTORS OF THE IMMUNE
SYSTEM,
PHAGOCYTIC CELLS, AND
TOLERANCE
, Receptors of the innate immune system mediate a number
different functions.
Many are phagocytic receptors that stimulate ingestion of
pathogens they recognize.
Some are chemotactic receptors, such as the f-Met-Leu-Ph
receptor, which binds the N-formylated peptides produced
bacteria, and guides neutrophils to sites of infection.
A third function is to induce effector molecules, that contrib
the induced responses of innate immunity, and molecules t
influence the initiation and nature of subsequent adaptive
immune response.
The surfaces of microorganisms typically bear repeating pa
of molecular structure.
, The innate immune system recognizes such pathogens by m
of receptors that bind features of these regular patterns; th
receptors are sometimes known as pattern-recognition
receptors/molecules (PRRs).
The mannan-binding lectin (MBL) that initiates the MB-lectin
pathway of complement activation is an example of a PRR
MBL is synthesized in the liver and released into circulation,
with a variety of other proteins from the collectin family (e.g
C1q).
For this receptor, pathogen recognition and discrimination
self is due to recognition of a particular orientation and spa
of certain sugar residues, which is found only on pathogeni
microbes and not on host cells.
, Mannan-binding lectin (MBL
patterns of carbohydrate gro
correct spatial orientation.
MBL is a member of the colle
of proteins, composed of bet
to six clusters of carbohydra
lectin domains that interact
other via a collagen-like dom
Within each cluster are three
binding sites that have
orientation relative to each
three sites can therefore
when their ligands—mann
fucose residues in bacteria
polysaccharides—have
appropriate spacing.
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