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NUR 1600 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) TEST 4 CH.2 | GRADED A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (SOLVED)
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NUR 1600 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) TEST 4 CH.2 | GRADED A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (SOLVED)
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NUR 1600 Test 4 Ch.21. Healthy People 2030 goals pregnant patient and newborn
Increase the pro- portion of women who get screened for postpartum depression
Reduce the rate of fetal deaths at 20 or more weeks of gestation
Reduce preterm births
Increase the proportion of pregnant women who receive early and adequate prenatal care
Increase the proportion of women who had a healthy weight before pregnancy
2. Risk factors for pregnant patient
1. overweight and obesity
2. young or old maternal age
3. problems in previous pregnancies
4. existing health conditions
5. pregnancy with twins or other multiples
6. substance use, abuse, smoking, absence of prenatal care, poor diet
3. Risk factor overweight and obesity
Mother risk
-gestational diabetes
-preeclampsia
Infant risk
-neural tube defects (NTDs)
-congenital heart defects
-being stillborn
-being large for their gestational age
,4. Risk factor young or old maternal age
Women age 35 and older are giving birth than ever before. While common, pregnancy after age
35 does increase the risk for complications during pregnancy such as stillbirth and for NTDs.
In addition, teenage mothers are more likely to deliver early, putting their infant at risk for
complications.
Adolescent mothers (aged 10-19 years) face higher risks
1. eclampsia
2. more systemic infections than women aged 20-24 years
3. babies of adolescent mothers face higher risks of low birth weight, preterm birth, and severe
neonatal conditions
5. Risk factor problems in previous pregnancy
Women who have experienced preeclampsia, stillbirth, or preterm labor before or who have had
an infant born small for gestational age are at increased risk for problems during the current
pregnancy.
6. Risk factor existing health conditions
Certain health conditions increase the risk for complications during pregnancy, including HTN
& DM diabetes
7. Risk factor pregnancy with twins or multiples
Women who are expecting more than one baby are at increased risk for preeclampsia and
preterm birth.
8. Signs of pregnancy presumptive, probable, positive
Presumptive signs
-amenorrhea
,-breast tenderness
-fatigue
-increased urinary frequency but may be due to other causes than pregnancy
Probable signs
-Signs detected by the examiner upon inspection of the uterus but again may be due to other
causes than pregnancy
Positive signs
-Signs that indicate direct evidence of the fetus, such as FHTs or positive cardiac activity on U/S
9. How long is pregnancy?
40 weeks (9 months)
10. 1st trimester
1-13 weeks
11. 2nd trimester
14-27 weeks
12. 3rd trimester
28-40 weeks/birth
13. First trimester S/Sx
-serum hCG becomes + and cessation of menses occurs
-estrogen, progesterone, human placental lactogen (HPL) impact breast sensation and
development
-nausea and vomiting due to hormones, low blood sugar, gastric overload, slowed peristalsis,
uterine size increase, emotions
-fatigue
-vascular changes BP (initial decrease in blood pressure until mid pregnancy then BP gradually
returns to nonpregnant baseline by term)
, -embryonic period ends at 9 weeks and fetal period begins
-FHTs heard by doppler ultrasound between 9 to 12 weeks
-uterus enlarged above symphysis at about 12 weeks
14. Third trimester S/Sx
-blood volume peaks leading to hemodilution effect
-uterine enlargement causes diaphragm to rise and shape to widen at base leading to decreased
lung expansion and SOB
-uterine enlargement also causes displacement of heart up and to the left which
increases CO, SV, and force of contraction
-pulse rate rises, functional systolic murmur grade 2/6 or less
-dependent edema
-varicosities in legs, vulva, and rectal area
-balance and positional changes (lordosis, and weight of breast cause aching, numbness, tingling
aka carpal tunnel nerve compression)
-2 weeks prior to delivery primigravida experiences engagement and lightening
-cervix efface and dilate (mucus plug expelled various times)
15. Second trimester S/Sx
-after 12 to 16 weeks nausea, vomiting, urinary frequency improve in most individuals
-quickening
perception of fetal movement between 18-20 weeks
-breast enlargement
-colostrum expressed
-hormonal effects lead to darkening of body tissues (areola, nipples, linea nigra)
-striae gravidarum (stretch marks on breast, abdomen, areas of weight gain)
-drop in BP noticable about 20 weeks and may cause orthostatic changes
-gastrointestinal changes (heart burn, constipation, predisposition to gall stones)
-changes in thyroid hormones TSH and plasma iodine levels (result of increased hCG between
8-14 weeks)
-Increased cutaneous blood flow due to decreased vascular resistance allows dissipation of heat
-gingivitis or epulis of pregnancy (result of hypertrophy and fragility of capillaries)
-FHTs are audible by fetoscope between 17 and 19 weeks
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