,PSY 200 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT!
What is memory - ANSWER The ability of our mind to store & remember information
What is encoding? - ANSWER Encoding is how our brain breaks down information into
something we can understand as well as putting it in terms we can store in our brains.
What is storage? - ANSWER Storage is placing newly acquired information into memory
which is then later modified
What is retrieval? - ANSWER the process of getting information out of memory storage
Explain the study by Craik & Tulving (1975) - ANSWER Researchers presented
participants with a series of words and asked them to make one of three types of
judgements
a) Semantic judgement - required the participants to think about the meaning of the
word.
b) Rhyme judgements - required the participants to think about the sound of the word.
c) Visual judgements - required the participant to think about the appearance of the
word.
The type of judgement task had a powerful impact on their memories. The participants
who made semantic judgements had much better memory for the words than did
participants who had thought about how the word looked or sounded.
**The results of this has shown that long-term retention is greatly enhanced by
elaborative encoding**
What is visual imagery encoding? - ANSWER storing new information by converting it
into mental pictures
What area of the brain is active during semantic encoding? - ANSWER Frontal lobe
, What is the sensory memory store? - ANSWER A type of storage that holds sensory
information for a few seconds or less.
What is iconic memory? - ANSWER a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a
photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
What is echoic memory? - ANSWER a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli;
if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Describe the experiment by Sperling (1960) and how it showed sensory memory exists -
ANSWER Iconic memory test: When a grid of letters is flashed on screen for only 1/20th
of a second, it is difficult to recall individual letters. But if prompted to remember a
particular row immediately after the grid is shown, research participants will do so with
high accuracy.
Sperling used this procedure to demonstrate that although iconic memory stores the
whole grid, the information fades away too quickly for a person to recall everything
How long does sensory memory last? - ANSWER 1/5 to 1/2 of a second
What is short term memory? - ANSWER a memory storage system that briefly holds a
limited amount of information in awareness
How long can information stay in short term memory? - ANSWER Between 15 & 30secs
What is rehearsal? - ANSWER the process of keeping information in short-term memory
by mentally repeating it
What is the capacity of short term memory? - ANSWER +/- 7 items
What is chunking? - ANSWER organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often
occurs automatically such as a phone number
instead of seeing 1235557890, we'd organize it as 123-555-7890
What is working memory & how does it show the active nature of this type of memory? -
ANSWER What you're thinking of in that exact moment (short term memory)
Your mind is constantly thinking of different things so your short term memory is
constantly changing with what it was focusing on.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT!
What is memory - ANSWER The ability of our mind to store & remember information
What is encoding? - ANSWER Encoding is how our brain breaks down information into
something we can understand as well as putting it in terms we can store in our brains.
What is storage? - ANSWER Storage is placing newly acquired information into memory
which is then later modified
What is retrieval? - ANSWER the process of getting information out of memory storage
Explain the study by Craik & Tulving (1975) - ANSWER Researchers presented
participants with a series of words and asked them to make one of three types of
judgements
a) Semantic judgement - required the participants to think about the meaning of the
word.
b) Rhyme judgements - required the participants to think about the sound of the word.
c) Visual judgements - required the participant to think about the appearance of the
word.
The type of judgement task had a powerful impact on their memories. The participants
who made semantic judgements had much better memory for the words than did
participants who had thought about how the word looked or sounded.
**The results of this has shown that long-term retention is greatly enhanced by
elaborative encoding**
What is visual imagery encoding? - ANSWER storing new information by converting it
into mental pictures
What area of the brain is active during semantic encoding? - ANSWER Frontal lobe
, What is the sensory memory store? - ANSWER A type of storage that holds sensory
information for a few seconds or less.
What is iconic memory? - ANSWER a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a
photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
What is echoic memory? - ANSWER a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli;
if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Describe the experiment by Sperling (1960) and how it showed sensory memory exists -
ANSWER Iconic memory test: When a grid of letters is flashed on screen for only 1/20th
of a second, it is difficult to recall individual letters. But if prompted to remember a
particular row immediately after the grid is shown, research participants will do so with
high accuracy.
Sperling used this procedure to demonstrate that although iconic memory stores the
whole grid, the information fades away too quickly for a person to recall everything
How long does sensory memory last? - ANSWER 1/5 to 1/2 of a second
What is short term memory? - ANSWER a memory storage system that briefly holds a
limited amount of information in awareness
How long can information stay in short term memory? - ANSWER Between 15 & 30secs
What is rehearsal? - ANSWER the process of keeping information in short-term memory
by mentally repeating it
What is the capacity of short term memory? - ANSWER +/- 7 items
What is chunking? - ANSWER organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often
occurs automatically such as a phone number
instead of seeing 1235557890, we'd organize it as 123-555-7890
What is working memory & how does it show the active nature of this type of memory? -
ANSWER What you're thinking of in that exact moment (short term memory)
Your mind is constantly thinking of different things so your short term memory is
constantly changing with what it was focusing on.
