NUR 2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam
2 Latest 2021, 2022 Rasmussen
1. What are the functions of the kidneys?
Answer
Regulation of blood pressure; regulat- ing blood osmolarity; removal of toxins; blood filtration;
activate vitamin D
2. What are the clinical manifestations of benign prostatic hypertrophy?
Answer
drib- bling; difficulty initiating urine stream; hesitancy; urinary retention, decreased stream
3. What substance controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts?
Answer
ADH- Anti Diuretic Hormone
4. What is type 2 diabetes characterized as?
Answer
peripheral tissue insulin resistance
5. What are the clinical manifestations of Graves' disease?
Answer
Exophthalmos (bulging eyes), goiter, enlarge thyroid, heat intolerance, anxiety-
hyperthyroidism
6. What processes occur during fasting?
Answer
glucogenesis; glycogenesis
7. What type of tissue is accessed to promote energy production in type 1 diabetes?
Answer
adipose/ fat
,8. What are the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism?
Answer
myxedema, fatigue, cold sensitivity, constipation, weight gain
9. What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism?
Answer
Goiter, fatigue, weight loss, infertility, memory loss, hair loss, muscle pain
10. What are the clinical manifestation of hyper para thyroidism?
Answer
fatigue, body aches, bone pain, depression, headaches, memory loss
11. What are the clinical manifestations of hypo para thyroidism?
Answer
numbness, tetany, parathesis, muscle spasms
12. What are the clinical manifestations of ketoacidosis?
Answer
fruity breath, drowsi- ness, nausea, thirst, confusion, lethargy, vomiting
13. What mechanisms control hormone release and regulation?
Answer
negative feed- back loop
14. What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland?
Answer
Growth Hor- mone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, LH,
ACTH and endorphins
15. What is diabetes insipidus?
Answer
a disorder caused by inadequate amounts of ADH which causes excessive water loss
16. clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus
, Answer
polyuria, nocturia, continuous thirst, and polydipsia
17. clinical manifestations of Cushings syndrome?
Answer
Excessive secretion of cor- tisol causes redistribution of fat, "moon face", "buffalo" hump on
the back and pendulous abdomen. -
Facial skin is flushed (high blood pressure), skin covering abdomen develops stretch marks - •
ndividual bruises easily and wound healing is poor -
Approximately 1/2 develop mental status changes from irritability to severe psychi- atric
disturbance -
Females may experience changes due to increased androgen levels
18. clinical manifestations of secondary hypothyroidism
Answer
Weakness. - Fatigue. -
Cold intolerance. - Constipation. - Weight gain. - Depression. -
Joint or muscle pain. - Brittle fingernails.
19. clinical manifestations of primary hypothyroidism
Answer
fatigue. - lethargy. -
sensitivity to cold. - depression. - muscle weakness.
20. clinical manifestations of primary aldosteronism
Answer
hypertension and hy- pokalemia
21. clinical manifestations of secondary aldosteronism
Answer
High blood pressure. - Low level of potassium in the blood. -
