handy revision guide for learning about Charles I before his Personal Rule period, with detailed notes about the events leading up to Charles' Personal Rule
applicable to the OCR A level unit: The Early Stuarts and the Origins of the Civil War 1603–1660 and any units on Charles I
Charles’ Background him and Buckingham bonded when travelling to
Madrid
became reliant on Buckingham, to the extent that
Charles viewed criticism of him as a personal attack on
monarchy
Foreign Policy Charles’ Foreign Policy Aims
an alliance with Denmark in exchange for financial
support from England, he would attack the Hapsburgs
in Germany
an English army to be provided for the German
Protestant mercenary commander
sea war against Spain to try to cut off its supporters
from Spanish colonies in South America
Charles and Buckingham allowed MP’s to stipulate
that subsidies should be spent on a naval war against
Spain
Buckingham
negotiated a marriage between Henrietta Maria
{French princeess} and Charles, he believed Richlieu
had given him some assurance of French support to
restore the Palatinate
Richlieu had no intention of going to war with the
Hapsburgs until it suited France
launched an expedition to restore the Palatinate but
was an expensive failure
spent the funds granted for war against Spain
{£250,000} on this failed expedition
MP’s held him responsible for their many grievances
began to plan an attack on Ile de Rhe to support an
uprising of the Huguenots of La Rochelle, but it failed
Parliament 1625 1625
MP’s- fearful that Charles might tolerate Catholics,
identified Buckingham as their biggest enemy, and
angry that no war had been declared on Spain
granted £140,000 {two subsidies} so Charles asked for
more
Buckingham
criticised for failing to prevent pirates from North
Africa attacking English shipping on the west coast
Richard Montagu
‘A New Gag for an Old Goose’- attacked the doctrine
of presdestination
Pym- launched an attack on it
Charles made Montagu royal chaplain
Charles
dissolved Parliament, as it was clear that they had both
lost trust in each other
Charles- felt betrayed by MP’s unwillingness to grant
funds for a war they supported {due to Buckingham’s
expenditures}
MP’s- angry as Charles hadn’t listened to their
grievances and concerned about his sympathies for
Arminianism, Charles had collected tonnage and
poundage without permission and imposed a forced
loan {worth 2 subsidies}
Cadiz 1625 FAIL
Consequences
men were angry to be forced for fight
weak army
gave Spain a warning that England was going to attack
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