PCC EMT Block 1 Questions and Answers

PCC EMT Block 1 Questions and Answers What is an EMS system? the organization of community resources and personnel to provide rapid medical care. Components of the EMS system • General public • Dispatchers • First responders • Transporting agencies • Hospital emergency departments • Specialty Centers Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:08 / 0:15 Full screen Brainpower Read More Specialty Centers •Trauma •Pediatric •Perinatal •Burn •STEMI Federal Agency responsible for curriculum development Department of Transportation State law defining the scope of practice for EMT-B's TITLE 22 of the CCR California Code of Regulations Scope of Practice Assessment of the sick & Injured. Render BLS, Rescue, & First Aid. Obtain Diagnostic signs. Perform CPR. Oropharyngeal & nasopharyngeal airways. Suction devices. Oxygen delivery devices. Use various types of stretchers. Use various body immobilization devices. Provide initial prehospital trauma care. Administer oral glucose. Extricate entrapped persons. Perform field triage. Transport patients. Use AED - if employed and trained by an AED provider. EMT-B IV monitoring Peripheral lines only! Glucose solutions & balanced salt solutions! No additives! EXCEPTIONS - LA County EMT-B Expanded scope of practice Monitor Maintain Adjust Sugar IV Glucose = Dextrose (5% Dextrose) Saline Solution Sodium Chloride 0.9% = Normal Saline Transfer patients with... Nasogastric tube Gastronomy tube Heparin locks & Saline locks Foley catheters Surface Anatomy topographical anatomy The Planes of the Body Anterior Posterior Midaxillary Midline Midclavicular line Directional Terms supine lying face up prone lying face down high fowlers sitting at 90 degree angle semi fowlers Head of bed is 30-45 degrees recovery position left lateral shock position flat on back with feet elevated (6-12 inches) trendelenburg lying on back with body tilted so that the head is lower than the feet reverse trendelenburg the body is laid flat on the back with the head higher than the feet Intravascular within the blood vessel Interstitial Between cells Intracellular inside the cell osmosis Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane diffusion the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density Na Sodium - saline solution K Potassium - for electrical function Ca Calcium - for muscle function HCO3 bicarbonate - base buffer homeostasis activity required to maintain balance between all body systems atmosphere oxygen - 21% nitrogen - 78% other - 1% do you need proof to report child abuse no what is the charge for failing to report abuse misdemeanor how long do you have to report abuse 36 hours Advance Directives Specifies medical treatments desired if patient is unable to make decisions DNR do not resuscitate supportive measures only - No CPR family member can request resuscitation DNR - home/street L.A. County "Prehospital DNR" Form California "Prehospital DNR" Form** MEDIC ALERT TAG bracelet or necklace No other type of DNR may be honored in Los Angeles Coun Authority for patient care most qualified at rendering emergency care Consent Expressed consent Implied consent Minors and mentally incompetent adults "In loco parentis" ALOC - altered level of consciousness Adults - Competence Must be competent to refuse treatment or transport hypotensive hypoglycemic under the influence suicidal ideations or actions AMA Against Medical Advice when a patient refuses care or transport do not need if you believe patient is OK without treatment. Valid AMA Patient Alert and Oriented X3 Competent EMT-B should obtain a witnessed signature MUST advise pt : Of need for treatment Of consequences of refusal That they may re-contact 911 5150 (72 hour hold) danger to self danger to others gravely disabled due to mental disorder Assault Unlawfully placing a person in fear of immediate bodily harm without consent Battery Unlawfully touching a person Standard of Care The minimum level of care that a person can expect Imposed by local protocol Imposed by the law Professional or institutional standards Duty to Act Individual's responsibility to provide patient care Begins once an ambulance responds to a call or treatment is initiated Negligence Failure to apply the standard of care Failure to provide the same care that a person with similar training would provide Act or omission of an act Good Samaritan Act does not apply to on-duty personnel Negligence Determination Duty Breech of duty Damages Cause Medical Practices Act Exempts EMT-Bs from licensure requirements Abandonment Termination of care without patient's consent Termination of care without provisions for continued care Care cannot stop unless someone of equal or higher training takes over Certification Process of evaluating and recognizing that EMT-B has met certain predetermined standards Chain of Survival Early Access Early CPR Early Defibrillation Early ACLS Clinical Death no pulse & not breathing Biological Death Permanent brain death (irreversible) Begins 4 - 6 minutes after arrest Causes of Cardiac Arrest Heart attack - (or cardiovascular disease) Trauma Drowning Drugs Electrocution Heart Attack myocardial infarction (MI) Aneurysm brain bleed Stroke cerebral vascular accident or CVA (now called "brain attack")