PSY645 FINAL UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
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Course
PSY645
Institution
PSY645
PSY645 FINAL UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
visual imagery - CORRECT ANSWER- seeing in the absence of a visual stimulus
Mental Imagery - CORRECT ANSWER- Recreating the sensory world in the absence of
mental stimuli
what do mental images involve - CORRECT ANSWER- mental images i...
PSY645 FINAL UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
visual imagery - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔seeing in the absence of a visual stimulus
Mental Imagery - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Recreating the sensory world in the absence of
mental stimuli
what do mental images involve - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔mental images involve spatial
representations
mental rotation experiment - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Mental rotation experiment
(Shepard & Metzler, 1971): Reaction times to indicate the same/different was longer for
greater differences in orientation. Shows that participants are mentally rotating the images in
their minds, and the manipulation of mental images corresponds to the actual position in
space
Kosslyn Mental Scanning - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Kosslyn (1973): participants
memorized the image of the boat and were asked to move between different parts of the boat
in their minds. The length of time of the mental scan corresponds to the distances in the boat
picture.
kosslyn island mental scanning - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Kosslyn and coworkers (1979)
island experiment: mentally scanned between more locations (vs. boat exp) and found a
positive correlation between scan time and the physical distance between locations on the
private of the island.
Pylyshyn (1973) - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Pylyshyn (1973) believed that imagery is
based on propositional representations and not spatial/depictive representations.
Spatial representation is an epiphenomenon
Size in the visual field task (kosslyn) - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Size in the visual field task
(kosslyn)
Asked participants to walk up to different sized animals in their minds until visual overflow
was experienced
, Estimates of distances to achieve this corresponded to what would happen in perception and
differed by the size of the animal
Perky (1910): interactions of imagery and perception - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Projected
a dim image on a screen
Asked participants to imagine an image. Reports of their visual images corresponded to the
actual projected image, even though they were unaware it was there
Farah (1985): interactions of imagery and perception - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔Participants imagined a letter
Had to indicate if actual letter flashes were on the first or second screen
More accurate on this task if they imagined the same letter that appeared on the screen
Kreiman and coworkers (2000): - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔imagery neurons respond to
both perceiving and imagining an object (baseball, not face). This was shown using single-
neuron recordings
Le Bihan and coworkers (1993) - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔activity was present in the
visual cortex for both perception and imagery vs no stimulus (magnitude is lower for
imagery)
Gains and coworkers (2004) - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔: had participants look at or
imagine objects. Judge: is it wider than tall? Compared patterns (Same vs different) of
activation in frontal regions vs visual cortex/back of the brain
Amedi and coworkers (2005): - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔the deactivation of areas
associated with nonvisual stimuli (Eg hearing and touch) during mental imagery
Negative correlation between vividness ratings and auditory cortex activation
Positive correlation between vividness ratings and auditory cortex activation
Multivoxel Pattern Analysis (MVPA): - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔uses a classifier to
recognize patterns of voxel activity (similar to machine learning)
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