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nfdn 2006 unit 7 Exam/Questions with Solutions
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nfdn 2006 unit 7 Exam/Questions with Solutions
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nfdn 2006 unit 7 Exam/Questionswith Solutions
Epidemiology - -the study of the distribution and factors that determine the
health-related states or events in a population
looks at distribution or patterns of health events in a population and what
influences them
- goal of epidemiology - -identify and understand casual factors and
mechanisms of stability, disease, and injury so effective interventions can be
implemented to prevent occurrence of adverse processes before they begin
or before they progress
- role of CHN in epidemiology - -- uses epidemiological principles and
techniques to deal with factors that affect individuals, families and
populations
- involved in the surveillance and monitoring of disease
- why study epidemiology? - -1. monitor the health of the population
2. identify the determinants of health and disease in comunities
3. investigate and evaluate interventions to prevent disease and maintain
health
- morbidity - -the occurrence of disease in a population, includes incidence
and prevalence rate
- mortality - -the number of deaths in a population
- ratio - -can be used to calculate an approximation of risks
- cohort - -group of individuals with similar characteristics
- incidence rate - -the number of new cases or events
- prevalence rate - -the number of individuals living with a given disease or
condition
- distribution - -patterns of health events in populations and the
determinants (factors) that influence the patterns
- population at risk - -those for whom there is a finite probability of
experiencing the event
, - high risk population - -persons who because of exposure, lifestyle, family
history or other factors are at greater risk for disease
- point epidemic - -time and space related pattern which is important in
infectious diseases
John snow example
- descriptive epidemiology - -looks at the health outcomes in terms of who,
what, when, where and why
- analytical epidemiology - -looks at the origins or causes (etiology) of the
disease and deals with determinants of health in terms of how and why
- hepatitis A - -transmitted through the feral-oral route
- sources water, food or sexual contact
- hepatitis B - -number of new cases have decreased with use of HBV
vaccine
transmitted through infected body fluids. IV drug users, sex, immigrants
- hepatitis C - -transmitted though blood or body fluids
"silent stalker"
- types of studies - --descriptive
-analytical
- ecological
- experimental/intervention
- data sources for epidemiological studies - -1. routinely collected date such
as census, vital statistics, and health surveillance
2. data collected for other purposes, such as medical. health department,
and insurance
3. original data collected for specific epidemiological studies
- epidemiological approaches - -- epidemiological triangle
- person, place and time model
- web of causation
- epidemiological triangle - -3 sides
- host
- agent
- environment
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