SADDLEBACK COLLAGE NURSING N172 RENAL
OBSTRUCTIVE DISORDERS/GU CA QUIZ PREP
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is hydronephrosis? - ANSWER A condition characterized by
excess fluid in a kidney due to a backup of urine
Biggest risk factor (2) for development of kidney stones - ANSWER
dehydration / inadequate fluid intake & sedentary lifestyle
why? --> Urine becomes highly concentrated, and minerals deposit in
the GU tract combined with poor fluid volume to flush said minerals out
Hyperparathyroidism: How does it connect to kidney stones? - ANSWER
PTH responsible for maintaining serum Ca levels:
overactive parathyroid ---> excess serum PTH ---> increased bone
demineralization ---> increased serum Ca ---> too much Ca for renals to
flush ---> stones form
Struvite stone impacts what gender more and why? - ANSWER Female;
it is linked to chronic UTIs
Staghorn stone - why would you not want to push fluids? - ANSWER
Because the shaping of the stone is so sharp and rigid, pushing of fluids
and attempting to pass the stone could cause further sclerosis to the GU
tract
**these types of stones are best surgically removed**
What is renal colic pain? - ANSWER sudden and severe flank pain
commonly caused by an acute obstruction in the urinary tract (stone)
Sx/sx associated with kidney stones - ANSWER -flank pain so severe
resulting in N/V (severe cases)
, -dull, aching flank pain (more mild cases)
-Blood in urine (hematuria) (may be microscopic)
-Pain during urination
1st priority of kidney stone tx? - ANSWER Pain management
A stone of ___ size is most often safe to pass (no surgery) - ANSWER 2
mm or less
Common medications provided for pain control in kidney stone pts (3) -
ANSWER 1. Toradol (pain & anti-inflammatory)
2. Narcotic (PCA)
3. Pyridium (urinary tract analgesic)
Pyridium does what to the urine? - ANSWER Turns urine a bright orange
color
When a patient is actively passing a stone, what must be done to the
urine? - ANSWER The urine must be strained
What do you do with the stones retrieved from a patients urine? -
ANSWER Send to the lab to determine type of stone
Most common type of kidney stone - ANSWER Ca oxylate stone (80% of
cases)
Preventative factors for Ca oxylate stones - ANSWER -increase
hydration
-decrease dietary oxylate
-decrease sodium intake
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