normal blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) - ANSWER sbp<120 dbp<80
stage I htn - ANSWER sbp 130-139
dbp 80-89
stage II htn - ANSWER sbp>140
dbp>90
modifiable risk factors of HTN - ANSWER diabetes
obesity
hyperlipidemia
diet high in salt
sedentary lifestyle
chronic stress/anxiety
smoking
alcohol
non-modifiable risk factors for HTN - ANSWER family history
againg / gender
poverty (socioeconomic)
Primary HTN (essential HTN) - ANSWER BP elevation has an identifiable cause
95% of all cases.
TX: lifestyle management, diet, exercise, medications
Secondary HTN - ANSWER BP elevation with an identified cause. suspected in
patients who suddenly develop an increased BP
TX: aimed at underlying cause
hypertensive urgency - ANSWER occurs typicaly with sbp > 180 and/or dbp > 120
no evidence of organ damage
dizziness
vision changes
headache
typically associated with other comorbid conditions such as chronic HF, prior MI, or
stable angina
, Hypertensive emergency - ANSWER Occurs typically with sbp > 180 and/or dbp >
120
WITH evidence of end stage organ dmage
n/v
seizures
encephalopathy
acute confusion
SAH "worst HA of their life"
HF
dissecting aortic aneurysm
retinopathy
complications of hypertension - ANSWER retinopathies
nephrosclerosis
CKD
end organ damage
atherlosclerosis
CAD
MI
PAD
Diagnostic studies for hypertension - ANSWER **remember diseases come in
groupings, so many of the labs you use to evalute HTN can be used to also evaluate
other overlapping comorbid conditions
CV: fasting lipids (HDL, LDL, triglycerides), fasting blood glucose, A1C
Renal: CBC, CMP, microalbumin, eGFR, 24 hr urine Cr clearance
GI: LFT - looking for fatty lliver (AST/ALT)
Endo: TSH with a reflex free T4
Diagnosing primary and secondary HTN - ANSWER primary: diagnosed with 2 blood
pressure readings > 140/90 on 2 seperate occasions
secondary: considered especially with BP is refractory to standard treatments, or in a
sudden hypertensive crisis.
MOA ACE inhibitors - ANSWER inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) from
converting angiotension 1 to angiotensin 2
resulting in peripheral vasodilalation, decreased fluid retention and decreased Na+
retention resulting in decreased BP
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller luzlinkuz. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.