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HLTH 314 Final Exam With correct answers.
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HLTH 314 Final Exam With correct answersHLTH 314 Final Exam With correct
answers
In Situ - correct answer -stays in place. Ductal carcinoma in situ and lobular carcinoma in situ
Well-Differentiated Cancer - correct answer --Resemble a normal cell
-Benign
Poorly Differentiated Cancer - correct answer --Cells are abnormal
-Malignant
Mammogram - correct answer --Xrays are taking in two views in both breasts
-Detects 2 years sooner than physical examination.
-Sees fibrous vs glandular tissue
-Less useful for dense breasts
Dense Breast - correct answer --More fibroglandular vs fatty tissue
-More likely if you are younger, pregnant/breastfeeding, taking hormone replacement therapy, or have
a lower body weight
-Breast ultrasounds or MRIs are best for those with dense breasts.
Glandular Tissue - correct answer --Lobes and ducts
-15 to 20 lobes
-White on mammogram
Stromal (supporting) Tissue - correct answer --Suspensory Ligaments of Cooper
Fatty Tissue - correct answer --Dark on mammogram
HLTH 314 Final Exam With correct answers
,HLTH 314 Final Exam With correct answers
Benign - correct answer -Growth rate- slow
Growth character- expansion
Tumor spread- remains localized
Cell differentiation- well-differentiated cells
-"oma" typically used to designate
-glandular and stromal tissue
-white and well-circumscribed on mammogram
Malignant - correct answer -Growth rate- rapid and not responsive to regulatory signals
Growth character- infiltration
Tumor spread- metastasis by bloodstream or lymphatic channels
Cell differentiation- poorly-differentiated cells
-Carcinoma, sarcoma, leukemia
-Starts from a single cell that has sustained damage to its genome causing it to proliferate abnormally
-irregular borders with flecks of calcium on mammogram
Hormone Receptors - correct answer -ER, PR, HER2
Triple Negative Breast Cancer - correct answer --Accounts for 10-15% all breast cancers.
-Lacks receptors to estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 protein.
-Typically, responsive to chemotherapy but doesn't respond to receptor targeted treatments
-Can be particularly aggressive and more likely to recur
Breast Cancer Risk Factors - correct answer --Age: strongest risk, over 50
-Family History: first degree doubles or tripes
-Breast Cancer Gene Mutation: BRCA1, BRCA2
-Personal History: in situ or invasive increases risk
-Gynecologic History: early menarche, late menopause, late first pregnancy
-Breast Changes: lesions, masses
HLTH 314 Final Exam With correct answers
,HLTH 314 Final Exam With correct answers
-Lobular Carcinoma in situ: 20x increase for invasive
-Use of Oral Contraceptives: slightly
-Hormone Therapy: estrogen-progestin
-Radiation Therapy: before age of 30
-Diet: hypothesized
-Lifestyle Factors: smoking and alcohol
ACS Breast Cancer Screening Recommendations - correct answer --Begin annual screening between 40
and 44
-Undergo regular screening beginning at 45
-Women 45-54 screened annually
-55 and older transition to biennial screening
-Continue while health is good and life expectancy is 10 years or longer
-Clinical examination not recommended for women of average-risk
USPSTF Breast Cancer Screening Recommendations - correct answer --Biennial screenings for women 50
to 74
-Starting before 50 is individual decision
-Against teaching breast self-exam
-Not enough evidence to assess mammography past age 74
Structure of the Breast - correct answer --Modified sweat glands
Function of the Breast - correct answer -Milk Production
Breast Lymphatic System - correct answer --Abundant blood supply and lymph drainage
-Lymph vessels carry lymph fluid
-Most lymph vessels lead to axillary nodes
-If cancer cells reach nodes they will swell, and the cancer will be more likely to spread
HLTH 314 Final Exam With correct answers
, HLTH 314 Final Exam With correct answers
Abnormalities of Breast Development - correct answer --Accessory breasts and nipples
-Unequal development of breasts
-Breast hypertrophy
-Gynecomastia
Clinical Examination of the Breast - correct answer --Begin palpitation at periphery of breast in a
systematic direction until tissues under the nipples are examined
-arms at sides, arms raised and lowered, hands on hips
Benign Cystic Changes in Breast - correct answer --Irregular cyclic response of breast to hormones
-Focal areas of proliferation of glandular and fibrous tissue
-Ultrasound: to distinguish cystic from solid mass
-Management: Aspiration or surgical excision
Fibroadema - correct answer --Benign, well-circumscribed tumor
-Made up of glands and fibrous tissue
-Common in young women
-Management: surgical excision
Diagnostic Possibilities of Lump in the Breast - correct answer --Cystic disease
-Fibroadenoma
-Carcinoma
-Less common disease of the breast
Diagnostic Approach of Lump in the Breast - correct answer --Clinical evaluation
-Mammogram
-Biopsy
HLTH 314 Final Exam With correct answers
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