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Genetics 133 Exam 3 with 100- correct answers 2025.
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Genetics 133 Exam 3 with 100- correct answers 2025.
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Genetics 133 Exam 3 with 100%correct answers 2025
Blunt Ends - answer an end of a DNA double helix at which nucleotides do
not extend beyond the other, created by using restriction enzymes during
gene cloning
Cloning Vector (plasmid) - answer a small piece of DNA, taken from a
virus, plasmid, or the cell of a higher organism, that can be stably
maintained in an organism, and Ito which a foreign DNA fragment can be
inserted for cloning purposes
dNTPs - answer deoxynucleotide triphosphate (adenine, guanine,
cytosine, and thymine) bases that are added to gene cloning reactions
DNA cloning - answer the production of exact copies (clones) of a
particular gene or DNA sequence using genetic engineering techniques.
The DNA containing the target gene(s) is split into fragments using
restriction enzymes.
Genetically modified organism (GMO) - answer a popular term for a
transgenic organism. usually referring to an agricultural plant or animal,
in which genetic material is transferred from one organism to another.
In vitro - answer (of a process) performed or taking place in a test tube,
culture dish, or elsewhere outside a living organism.
In vivo - answer (of a process) performed to raking place in a living
organism
Polylinker (multiple cloning site) - answer a multiple cloning site (MCS),
also called a polylinker, is a short segment of DNA which contains many
(up to ~20) restriction sites - a standard feature of engineered plasmids.
Restriction sites within an MCS are typically unique, occurring only once
within a given plasmid.
, PCR - answer polymerase chain reaction
* a technique in molecular genetics that permits the analysis of any short
sequence of DNA (or RNA) even in samples containing only minute
quantities of DNA or RNA. PCR is used to reproduce (amplify) selected
sections of DNA or RNA for analysis.
Primers - answer short, artificial DNA strands of about 18 to 25
nucleotides that match the beginning and end of the DNA fragment to be
amplified. The primers anneal to the single stranded DNA template at
these points. Once the primers bind, the DNA-Polymerase binds and
begins the synthesis of the new DNA strand.
Recombinant DNA technology (biotechnology) - answer the joining
together of DNA molecules from two different species to produce new
genetic combinations that are of value to science, medicine, agriculture,
and industry.
Reporter Gene - answer a gene that researchers attach to a regulatory
sequence of another gene of interest in bacteria, cell culture, animals, or
plants. Certain genes are chosen as reporters because the characteristics
they confer on organisms expressing Tham are easily identified and
measured, or because they are selectable markers. Reporter genes are
often used as an indication of whether a certain gene has been taken up
by or expressed in the cell or organism population.
Restriction enzymes (endonuclease) - answer an enzyme produced chiefly
by certain bacteria, having the property of cleaving DNA molecules at or
near a specific sequence of bases.
Selectable Marker - answer a gene introduced into a cell, especially a
bacterium or to cells in culture, that covers a trait suitable for artificial
selection. They are a type of reporter gene used in laboratory
microbiology, molecular biology, and genetic engineering to indicate the
success of a transfection or other procedure meant to introduce foreign
DNA into a cell. Selectable marked are often antibiotic resistance genes
(an antibiotic resistance marker is a gene that produces a protein that
provides cells expressing this protein with resistance to an antibiotic).
Bacteria that have been subjected to a procedure to introduce foreign
DNA are grown on a medium containing an antibiotic, and those bacterial
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