Exam (elaborations)
Genetics 133 vocab updated with 100- correct answers 2025
- Course
- Institution
Genetics 133 vocab updated with 100- correct answers 2025
[Show more]
Content preview
Genetics 133 vocab updated with100% correct answers 2025
Allele - answer one of the different forms/variants of a gene.
Amino acids - answer The building blocks of proteins. Amino acids linked
together by peptide bonds make up proteins.
Ancestry Informative Markers - answer SNPs that are characteristic of
distinct human populations, and therefore can be used to assess
geographic ancestry.
Annealing - answer The pairing of complementary DNA strands to form
double-stranded DNA. This also refers to formation of DNA-RNA or RNA-
RNA double-stranded helices.
Antiparallel - answer refers to the opposite polarities of the two strands
in a DNA double helix.
Autosome (n.), autosomal (adj.) - answer Autosomal chromosomes (also
known as autosomes) are all chromosomes other than the sex
chromosomes. Human diploid cells contain 22 pairs of autosomal
chromosomes plus two sex chromosomes (XX in females; XY in males).
Bacteriophage (phage) - answer A virus that infects bacteria.
Base pairing - answer Attractive chemical interactions between specific
bases of polynucleotides. Such interactions stabilize the double-stranded
structure of DNA. Adenine base pairs with thymine, and guanine base
pairs with cytosine in DNA. Uracil replaces thymine in RNA, which is a
single-stranded polynucleotide but can, in principle, base pair with either
single-stranded DNA or with other single-stranded RNAs.
,Central Dogma - answer DNA Encodes RNA, RNA Encodes Protein. The
central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic
information in cells from DNA to messenger RNA (mRNA) to protein. It
states that genes specify the sequence of mRNA molecules, which in turn
specify the sequence of proteins.
Chromosome - answer A continuous DNA molecule encompassing a linear
array of genes and intergenic sequences. Humans have 23 chromosome
pairs.
Cloning (gene) - answer The production of many copies of a gene or
specific DNA sequence.
Cloning vector - answer The plasmid or phage DNA used to carry and
propagate the cloned DNA.
Coding regions - answer The coding region of a gene is that portion of a
gene's DNA or RNA, composed of exons, that codes for protein.
Codon - answer A sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that
corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein
synthesis.
Codominant - answer This situation where the heterozygous phenotype
intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes.
Competence - answer The ability of bacteria to take up extracellular DNA.
Complementary - answer Refers to the specific base pairing between
adenine and thymine, and between guanine and cytosine. In RNA, uracil
takes the place of thymine in pairing with adenine.
Complex trait - answer a trait for which multiple genes contribute, and
thus exhibiting complex inheritance.
, Conjugation - answer The mating of two bacterial cells during which
chromosomal or plasmid DNA is transferred from the donor to the
recipient cell.
Conjugative plasmid - answer A plasmid that confers the ability to
conjugate (maleness); e.g. F factor.
Cytoplasmic inheritance - answer in eukaryotes, the non-Mendelian
inheritance of genes located outside the nucleus; i.e., transmission of
mitochondrial or chloroplast DNA.
Decode - answer converting information contained in DNA and RNA base
sequence to that of amino acid sequence in protein. Messenger RNAs are
decoding by ribosomes and tRNAs in the process of translation.
Diploid - answer A cell or organism that contains two complete sets of
chromosomes, having received one set from each parent. For sexually
reproducing species, most cells of the body are diploid. Only the gametes
(reproductive cells) are haploid.
Dizygotic twins - answer Fraternal twins who share ~50% genetic
identity, the same as other siblings.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) - answer the double-stranded nucleic acid;
genes consist of DNA segments whose base sequences encode the
information to produce specific RNAs and proteins.
DNA 5' to 3' polarity - answer The 5' and 3' mean "five prime" and "three
prime", which indicate the carbon numbers in the DNA's sugar backbone.
The 5' carbon has a phosphate group attached to it and the 3' carbon a
hydroxyl (-OH) group. This asymmetry gives a DNA strand a "direction" or
polarity.
DNA Ligase - answer The enzyme that joins the ends of two strands of
DNA together to a make a continuous DNA strand.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller GUARANTEEDSUCCESS. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $16.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
84866 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now