Neurodegenerative Diseases AOTA prep questions with
complete solutions
A client diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) 2
years ago is admitted to the hospital because of worsening
mobility at home. Before the hospitalization, the client was
independent with ADLs but required assistance for IADLs,
including cooking, shopping, and home management. Which
approach is MOST likely to be the priority for this client in the
acute care setting?
A.
Maximize the client's participation in IADLs
B.
Identify appropriate positioning for the client in bed
C.
Guide the caregiver in assisting the client with ADLs
D.
Facilitate increased strength to maximize abilities Correct
Answer C
The caregiver should be trained in skills for assisting the client
with ADLs, because the client will require greater assistance for
tasks as symptoms progress.
A client in the late stage of Parkinson's disease presents for an
occupational therapy evaluation. Which of the following
symptoms can the OTR® expect to see?
A.
Resting tremor, spasticity, tingling sensations
B.
Resting tremor, rigidity, oral motor deficits
C.
,Spasticity, paralysis, decorticate posture
D.
Spasticity, rigidity, impaired respiratory muscles Correct
Answer B
Swallowing difficulties become apparent in the late stage of the
disease because of impairments in the oral motor muscles as
motor control becomes further compromised. Resting tremor is a
symptom that manifests in the early stage of Parkinson's disease
and continues throughout the disease course. Rigidity often
onsets in the early stage of Parkinson's disease and progresses in
severity in later stages.
A client who has Parkinson's disease reports increased tremors,
problems knocking items over while eating, and poor
articulation, leading to recent social isolation. Which
intervention strategy would be MOST effective for this client?
A.
Educate about timing social activities when medication is most
effective.
B.
Train in facial exercises to improve speech quality and
communication.
C.
Provide utensils with built-up handles during mealtimes to
decrease spills.
D.
Suggest a community support group to provide a social outlet.
Correct Answer A
Activities should be timed during medication "on" times.
Determining a client's optimal time of day for activities
promotes increased success in occupational performance.
,A client with a recent diagnosis of dementia is receiving
occupational therapy. The caregivers are distressed about the
client's increasingly inappropriate and tactless behavior, and the
client has become increasingly impulsive and difficult to
redirect. What type of dementia does this client MOST
LIKELYhave?
A.
Frontotemporal dementia
B.
Alzheimer's dementia
C.
Vascular dementia
D.
Dementia with Lewy bodies Correct Answer A
A distinguishing feature of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is
marked behavioral changes. The behavior can be either
impulsive (disinhibited) or bored and listless (apathetic). It
includes inappropriate social behavior; lack of social tact; lack
of empathy; distractability; loss of insight into the behaviors of
oneself and others; an increased interest in sex; changes in food
preferences; agitation or, conversely, blunted emotions; neglect
of personal hygiene; repetitive or compulsive behavior, and
decreased energy and motivation.
A client with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is
new to a computerized communication device. On what would
the OTR® treating this patient focus?
A.
Positioning, to ensure proximal support, with the device on a lap
tray
, B.
ROM exercises, to enable the patient to adequately reach the
device
C.
Trunk strengthening, to enable upright sitting during use of the
device
D.
Adapting the device with larger buttons and controls, to enable
independent use Correct Answer A
The simplest and first approach would be to ensure positioning
so that the client can see the device and having the neck and
shoulder (proximal muscles) stabilized to allow the most distal
control. The placement of the device is also important, with a
lap tray to secure the device in bed or on the wheelchair.
A client with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
presents with a stiff forward-flexed neck that is at risk for
developing a contracture and impairing social participation.
Which intervention would the OTR®use to BEST prevent a
contracture?
A.
A physical agent modality such as diathermy or ultrasound
B.
Caregiver training on gentle neck stretching and how to help don
a soft cervical collar
C.
A home exercise program of isometric neck exercises in all
planes
D.
Education on proper positioning at rest and during functional
tasks Correct Answer B
complete solutions
A client diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) 2
years ago is admitted to the hospital because of worsening
mobility at home. Before the hospitalization, the client was
independent with ADLs but required assistance for IADLs,
including cooking, shopping, and home management. Which
approach is MOST likely to be the priority for this client in the
acute care setting?
A.
Maximize the client's participation in IADLs
B.
Identify appropriate positioning for the client in bed
C.
Guide the caregiver in assisting the client with ADLs
D.
Facilitate increased strength to maximize abilities Correct
Answer C
The caregiver should be trained in skills for assisting the client
with ADLs, because the client will require greater assistance for
tasks as symptoms progress.
A client in the late stage of Parkinson's disease presents for an
occupational therapy evaluation. Which of the following
symptoms can the OTR® expect to see?
A.
Resting tremor, spasticity, tingling sensations
B.
Resting tremor, rigidity, oral motor deficits
C.
,Spasticity, paralysis, decorticate posture
D.
Spasticity, rigidity, impaired respiratory muscles Correct
Answer B
Swallowing difficulties become apparent in the late stage of the
disease because of impairments in the oral motor muscles as
motor control becomes further compromised. Resting tremor is a
symptom that manifests in the early stage of Parkinson's disease
and continues throughout the disease course. Rigidity often
onsets in the early stage of Parkinson's disease and progresses in
severity in later stages.
A client who has Parkinson's disease reports increased tremors,
problems knocking items over while eating, and poor
articulation, leading to recent social isolation. Which
intervention strategy would be MOST effective for this client?
A.
Educate about timing social activities when medication is most
effective.
B.
Train in facial exercises to improve speech quality and
communication.
C.
Provide utensils with built-up handles during mealtimes to
decrease spills.
D.
Suggest a community support group to provide a social outlet.
Correct Answer A
Activities should be timed during medication "on" times.
Determining a client's optimal time of day for activities
promotes increased success in occupational performance.
,A client with a recent diagnosis of dementia is receiving
occupational therapy. The caregivers are distressed about the
client's increasingly inappropriate and tactless behavior, and the
client has become increasingly impulsive and difficult to
redirect. What type of dementia does this client MOST
LIKELYhave?
A.
Frontotemporal dementia
B.
Alzheimer's dementia
C.
Vascular dementia
D.
Dementia with Lewy bodies Correct Answer A
A distinguishing feature of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is
marked behavioral changes. The behavior can be either
impulsive (disinhibited) or bored and listless (apathetic). It
includes inappropriate social behavior; lack of social tact; lack
of empathy; distractability; loss of insight into the behaviors of
oneself and others; an increased interest in sex; changes in food
preferences; agitation or, conversely, blunted emotions; neglect
of personal hygiene; repetitive or compulsive behavior, and
decreased energy and motivation.
A client with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is
new to a computerized communication device. On what would
the OTR® treating this patient focus?
A.
Positioning, to ensure proximal support, with the device on a lap
tray
, B.
ROM exercises, to enable the patient to adequately reach the
device
C.
Trunk strengthening, to enable upright sitting during use of the
device
D.
Adapting the device with larger buttons and controls, to enable
independent use Correct Answer A
The simplest and first approach would be to ensure positioning
so that the client can see the device and having the neck and
shoulder (proximal muscles) stabilized to allow the most distal
control. The placement of the device is also important, with a
lap tray to secure the device in bed or on the wheelchair.
A client with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
presents with a stiff forward-flexed neck that is at risk for
developing a contracture and impairing social participation.
Which intervention would the OTR®use to BEST prevent a
contracture?
A.
A physical agent modality such as diathermy or ultrasound
B.
Caregiver training on gentle neck stretching and how to help don
a soft cervical collar
C.
A home exercise program of isometric neck exercises in all
planes
D.
Education on proper positioning at rest and during functional
tasks Correct Answer B
