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Autism Spectrum Disorder & Schizophrenia Disorder Exam Questions with Latest Update
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Autism Spectrum Disorder & Schizophrenia Disorder Exam Questions with Latest Update
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Autism Spectrum Disorder &Schizophrenia Disorder Exam Questions
with Latest Update
Autism Spectrum Disorder - Answer-- biologically-based lifelong complex
neurodevelopment disorder present in the first few years of life
-Characterized by abnormalities in social behavior, language & communication skills, &
unusual behaviors & interests
Autism History - Answer--1940s: Brain disorder
-1960s: psychogenic disorder (developed based on experiences): refrigerator mothers -
> the mom was so cold, so the child could not form an emotional bond
-1980s: Asperger's work recognized. high functioing kids
-Asperger's Disorder -> DSM-IV in 1994
-Controversy: increase in rates; search for new causes -> Concordance rate - very high
w/ strong genetic component, but heritability is not 100%
-DSM-5: Neurodevelopmental Disorders -> became Austism Spectrum Disorder
Pervasive Developmental Disorders - DSM-IV - Answer-1. Autistic Disorder
2. Asperger's Disorder
3. Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (NOS)
-Neurodevelopmental Disorders - DSM-5 -> Autism Spectrum Disorder
Epidemiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder - Prevalence - Answer--Prevalence = 1 to
2%
-CDC 2014: 1 in 59 children, 1.68% *Boys -> 4x more likely than girls
*White higher than African American
*Both higher than Latinos
*Different rates could be due to: girls -> mask their situations/feelings (internalizing),
boys externalize a lot of their feelings/situations, with boys it also depends on
vulnerability
*early appearing disorders (Ex: Autism Spectrum Disorder) -> boys have a higher likely
of developing & begin showing earlier than girls
Epidemiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder - Huge Increase (1990s+) - Answer--
Addition of Asperger into criteria
-Autism has become more talked about & made aware of it
-Identifying child earlier on -> Treatment of Autism -> earlier it starts the better
-Schools must be mandated to provide services to treat Autism, Social Security
Disability included Autism as a way to get Social Security Disability
DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder - Criteria A & B - Answer-A. Persistent deficits in
Social Communication & Interaction across multiple contexts
, B. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities
DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder - Criteria A - Answer-A. Persistent deficits in Social
Communication & Interaction across multiple contexts
*deficits in social-emotional reciprocity
*deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors
*deficits in developing, maintaining, understanding relationships
Autism Spectrum Disorder: Examples of Social Impairments - Answer--Lack of normal
eye-contact
-deficits in joint attention
-Poor social imitation
-Lack of make-believe play
-Problems understanding relational concepts, social pragmatics, or integration
-Sociability: young children may be socially aloof; adolescents have increased interest
in sociability but have poor skills
Autism Spectrum Disorder: Examples of Communication Impairments - Answer--One of
the 1st signs of language impairment is inconsistent use of early preverbal
communications
*Misuse of protoimperative & protodeclarative gestures
*about 50% do not develop any useful language
-Those who begin to speak may regress between 12-30 months (connection to vaccine
scare)
-Children who develop language usually do so before age 5
-Qualitative Language Impairments
Protoimperative gestures - Answer-pointing to request an object; to express a need
Protodeclarative gestures - Answer-drawing attention to an object to comment on it or
share interest in it
Autism Spectrum Disorder: Examples of Communication Impairments -> Qualitative
Language Impairments - Answer--pronoun reversals
-Echolalia -> repetition of what someone has said before & had just said
-Perspective speech
-Impairment in pragmatics
DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder - Criteria B - Answer-B. Restricted, repetitive patterns
of behaviors, interests, or activities
-Stereotyped/repetitive motor movements, use of objects, speech
-Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routine, or ritualized patterns of
behavior
-highly restricted, fixated interests
-Hyper/hypo-reactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the
environment (might overreact or under/not at all react)
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