A summary with all the material for the exam of Organic Chemistry 1. It contains all important reaction mechanisms, that are fully explained. A lot of examples are also ilustrated, which makes it more easy for you to understand!
Test Bank for Organic Chemistry 9th Edition By McMurry || All Verified Chapters (1 - 31) || Newest 2024 A+
Test Bank For Organic Chemistry 9th Edition by John E. McMurry, All Chapters 1-31
Organic and Biosynthesis summary ( Gigga summariezed) for second year pharmacy students RuG
All for this textbook (6)
Written for
Wageningen University (WUR)
Food Technology
Organic Chemistry 1 (ORC12803)
All documents for this subject (1)
Seller
Follow
Sannevaart
Reviews received
Content preview
Tutorial 1
Orbital: a specific area that contains electrons with a certain energy.
s, p, d orbitals.
1. There’s only 1 type of s-orbital.
2. There are 3 types of p orbitals: px, py, Pz.
P orbitals have perpendicular position.
3. There are 5 types of d orbitals.
Covalent bond: an overlap of partially filled atomic orbitals (AO).
Formation: 2 atoms approach each other closely. The singly occupied orbital
on atom A overlaps with the singly occupied orbital on atom B.
Molecular orbital (MO): a set of interacting atomic orbitals.
Sigma (σ ) bond: overlap of 2 s-orbitals.
Pi (π) bond: overlap of 2 p-orbitals.
1. Sp3 hybrid orbitals (SPPP)
Tetrahedral shape (109,5o)
No double or triple bonds.
2. Sp2 hybrid orbitals (SPP)
Planar, due to the double bond, (120o)
3. Sp hybrid orbitals
Linear (180o)
Nitrogen: hybridizes to form 4 sp3 orbitals.
Oxygen: hybridizes to form 4 sp3 orbitals.
, Tutorial 2
Ionic bond: held together by electrostatic attractions between unlike charges ( + and
– charge)
Nonpolar covalent bond: 2 electrons are share equally by the 2 bonding atoms (C-C).
Polar covalent bond: the electron distribution between 2 atoms is unequal.
Due to a difference in electronegativity.
Electronegativity (EN) generally increases from left to
right and from bottom to top.
Electron rich: δ -
Electron poor: δ +
The lone-pair electrons on oxygen and nitrogen stick
out into space away from the positively charged nuclei.
Resonance form: an intermediate structure of the same molecule, but with a certain
charge on a different position.
A resonance form is only imaginary and thus not an official structure!
Resonance hybrid: a ‘’summary’’ of the resonance structures.
Resonance forms only differ in the placement of their π-electrons.
Brønsted-Lowry acid: can donate a H+ ion to a base
Brønsted-Lowry base: can accept a H+ ion from an acid.
Lewis acid: can accept an electron pair from a base.
All electrophiles are Lewis acids (BF3, AlCl3)
Lewis base: can donate an electron pair to an acid.
All nucleophiles are Lewis bases.
Non-covalent interactions are also called Vander Waals forces.
1. Dipole-dipole.
2. Dispersion forces.
Between all neighboring molecules)
3. Hydrogen bonds
Between O and H & N and H.
Tutorial 3
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Sannevaart. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $4.88. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
