Exam (elaborations)
TRAIGHTERLINE NUTRITION 101 MIDTERM REVIEW
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TRAIGHTERLINE NUTRITION 101 MIDTERM REVIEW
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TRAIGHTERLINE NUTRITION 101 MIDTERM REVIEWThings that affect our food choices - Answers- flavor, texture, appearance, routines and
habits, early experiences and customs, advertising, nutrition and health concerns, social
changes, economics, physiological processes
Diet and lifestyle factors contributing to leading causes of death - Answers- poor diet
and a sedentary lifestyle
Water - Answers- The universal solvent. The body is composed of about 60%.
Phytochemicals - Answers- Chemicals in plant-based foods that are not nutrients but
that have effects on the body.
kilocalorie (kcal) - Answers- heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1000
grams of water 1 degree Celsius
fiber - Answers- Substances in plant foods not digested by the processes that take
place in the human stomach or small intestine
Number of calories in one gram of fat - Answers- 9
Number of calories in one gram of protein - Answers- 4
Number of calories in one gram of carbohydrate - Answers- 4
Number of calories in one gram of alcohol - Answers- 7
Steps of the Scientific Method - Answers- Observation, hypothesis, experiment,
analyze, conclusion, publish/review
nutrients - Answers- chemical substances in food that contribute to health, many of
which are essential parts of a diet
essential nutrient - Answers- a substance that, when left out of a diet, leads to signs of
poor health
glucose - Answers- a six-carbon sugar that exists in a ring form
Health professional recommendations - Answers- Control how much you eat
Pay attention to what you eat: choose whole grains, fruits and vegetables
Stay physically active
Variety - Answers- Choosing foods from all the food groups and subgroups
, Proportionality - Answers- eating more nutrient dense foods and less of foods high in
certain types of fat, sugars, cholesterol, salt and alcohol
Nutrient density - Answers- the ratio derived by dividing a food's nutrient content by its
calorie content
Moderation - Answers- Paying attention to portion sizes and planning your day's diet so
that you do not overconsume any nutrients
Energy density - Answers- A comparison of the calorie content of a food with the weight
of the food
Dietary Guidelines for Americans - Answers- General goals for nutrient intakes and diet
composition set by the USDA and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Nutrition - Answers- the science that links foods to health and disease
Carbohydrate - Answers- a compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms,
including sugars, starches and fibers
Protein - Answers- food and body compounds made of amino acids; proteins contain
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes other atoms, in a specific
configuration
Lipids - Answers- compounds containing much carbon and hydrogen, little oxygen, and
sometimes other atoms. Lipids do not dissolve in water and include fats, oils and
cholesterol
Alcohol - Answers- not a nutrient, but contains calories
Vitamins - Answers- Compounds needed in very small amounts in the diet to help
regulate and support chemical reactions in the body.
Minerals - Answers- Elements used to promote chemical reactions and form body
structures
Five guidelines from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans - Answers- 1. Follow a
healthy eating pattern across the lifespan.
2. Focus on variety, nutrient density and amount.
3. Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce sodium intake.
4. Shift to healthier food and beverage choices.
5. Support healthy eating patterns for all.
Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans - Answers- 1. Children should do 60 minutes
or more of physical activity daily, including aerobic, muscle-strengthening and bone-
strengthening activity.
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